الانتقال إلى المحتوى
The ConsciousLibrary

الهندوسية · اليوغا · بهاكتي · أدفايتا فيدانتا

Paramahansa Yogananda

পরমহংস যোগানন্দ · মুকুন্দলাল ঘোষ · परमहंस योगानन्द

1893 – 1952شخصية موثّقة تاريخيًا

راهب بنغالي من سلسلة الكريا يوغا (مهافاتار باباجي ولاهيري ماهاسايا وسري يوكتسوار)، عاش في الولايات المتحدة منذ 1920 حتى وفاته. أسّس «زمالة تحقيق الذات» و«جمعية يوغودا ساتسانغا في الهند»، ولقّن التأمّل عشرات الآلاف، وكتب «سيرة يوغي الذاتية» (1946)، وهو من أكثر الكتب الروحية قراءةً في القرن العشرين. علّم وحدة يوغا كريشنا والمسيحية الأولى. وما زال إرثه في النشر والروايات عن وفاته موضع نزاع.

مؤلَّفًا
38مؤلَّفًا
طبعة
105طبعة
اقتباسًا
5اقتباسًا
مقطع فيديو
11مقطع فيديو
صورة
9صورة
Paramahansa Yogananda, retrato de la «pose estándar»

Paramahansa Yogananda, retrato de la «pose estándar» · Public domain

بكلماته

«The characteristic features of Indian culture have long been a search for ultimate verities and the concomitant disciple-guru relationship.»

Autobiography of a Yogi (1946), cap. 1, «My Parents and Early Life», primera frase

فكرته المحورية

Kriya yoga: A meditation technique based on controlling life energy along the spine, which Yogananda presents as an ancient science revived by Mahavatar Babaji and spread by Lahiri Mahasaya from 1861.

السيرة

4 دقيقة قراءة

ترجمة مُعانة من الأصل الإسباني، بانتظار مراجعة مترجم من أهل اللغة.

طفل من غوراكبور في بيت من المريدين

وُلد موكوندا لال غوش في 5 يناير 1893 في غوراكبور، في شمال الهند البريطانية، رابعَ ثمانية أبناء لأسرة بنغالية من طائفة الكاياسثا. كان أبوه، بهاغاباتي تشاران غوش، موظفًا كبيرًا في شركة سكك حديد البنغال–ناغبور؛ أما أمه، غيانا برابها، فتُوفيت حين كان الصبي في الحادية عشرة. وكان الأبوان كلاهما من مريدي لاهيري ماهاسايا، ربّ الأسرة البنارسي الذي نشر في النصف الثاني من القرن التاسع عشر أسلوبًا في التأمّل يُعرف بـالكريا يوغا. وهذا الميراث المنزلي — صورة المعلّم على الجدار، وذكرى شفاء نُسب إليه — هو نقطة الانطلاق لكل ما سيرويه يوغاناندا بعد ذلك. ويجدر التنبيه منذ البداية إلى أن كل ما نعرفه تقريبًا عن طفولته مصدره روايته هو، التي كتبها بعد نصف قرن لغاية تعبّدية وتعليمية.

سري يوكتسوار ورهبنة السوامي

كان موكوندا مراهقًا قلقًا، يتردّد على القدّيسين والنسّاك في كلكتا وبنارس، بل فرّ من البيت قاصدًا الهيمالايا. وفي سنة 1910، وهو في السابعة عشرة، لقي في بنارس الرجل الذي سيغدو معلّمه الروحي (الغورو): سوامي سري يوكتسوار غيري، تلميذ لاهيري ماهاسايا، والفلكيّ الهاوي، ومؤلّف «العلم المقدّس»، وشيخ صومعة صغيرة في سيرامبور على ضفة نهر هوغلي. وعلى مدى عشر سنوات راوح بين انضباط تلك الصومعة والدراسة في كلية سيرامبور التابعة لجامعة كلكتا، حيث تخرّج سنة 1915. وفي يوليو من تلك السنة تلقّى من معلّمه نذور رهبنة السوامي، فرع غيري، واتخذ اسم يوغاناندا، أي «الغبطة بالاتحاد الإلهي».

وفي سنة 1917 أسّس في ديهيكا، في البنغال، مدرسة للفتيان تجمع بين المنهج المعتاد واليوغا والحياة في الهواء الطلق؛ وفي السنة التالية انتقلت إلى رانشي برعاية مهراجا قاسم بازار. ومن هناك نشأت «جمعية يوغودا ساتسانغا في الهند»، المؤسسة التي ما زالت ترعى إرثه في شبه القارة.

بوسطن، 1920: اليوغا علمًا للدين

في أغسطس 1920 أبحر إلى الولايات المتحدة مندوبًا عن الهند إلى المؤتمر الدولي لليبراليين الدينيين الذي دعت إليه الرابطة التوحيدية (اليونيتارية) في بوسطن. وقد دافعت كلمته، «علم الدين»، عن أطروحة سيظلّ يردّدها طوال حياته: أن الأديان تشترك في غاية واحدة — التجربة المباشرة لله بوصفه بهجة — وأن اليوغا تقدّم منهجًا يمكن التحقّق منه لبلوغها. وفي السنة نفسها أسّس في بوسطن المنظمة التي ستحمل منذ 1935 اسم «زمالة تحقيق الذات» (Self-Realization Fellowship).

وفي العقد التالي كان، على الأرجح، أبرز معلّم هندي في أمريكا الشمالية. جاب البلاد بسلاسل من المحاضرات تملأ القاعات بالآلاف، يُعلَن عنها دوراتٍ في «اليوغودا»، وهي منظومة من تمارين «التنشيط» والتركيز كان يبيعها في حلقات متتابعة. وفي 1925 نقل مقرّه الرئيس إلى فندق سابق على تلّة ماونت واشنطن في لوس أنجلوس. وفي 1927 استقبله الرئيس كالفن كوليدج في البيت الأبيض. ويؤكّد المؤرّخون — ومنهم أنيا فوكسن وفيليب غولدبرغ — مدى براعته في نقل اليوغا إلى لغة علم النفس العملي والنجاح الشخصي والمسيحية الليبرالية الأمريكية. غير أن لهذا النجاح وجهًا قاتمًا: فقد قرنته الصحافة بـ«الخطر الهندوسي»، ونشبت توتّرات عنصرية في بعض المدن، وفي 1929 أقام عليه معاونه السابق سوامي ديراناندا دعوى للمطالبة بأجور متأخّرة.

العودة إلى الهند ولقب باراماهانسا

بين 1935 و1936 عاد إلى الهند مارًّا بأوروبا والشرق الأدنى. ففي كونرسرويت، في بافاريا، زار تيريزا نويمان الموسومة بالجراحات (الستيغماتا)؛ وفي واردها زار غاندي، الذي علّمه، بحسب روايته، أسلوب الكريا؛ والتقى كذلك رامانا ماهارشي وأناندامايي ما. ومنحه سري يوكتسوار اللقب الرهباني باراماهانسا، أي «البجعة العليا»، ثم تُوفي في بوري في 9 مارس 1936. ولما عاد إلى كاليفورنيا أهداه أغنى مريديه، رجل الأعمال من كانساس سيتي جيمس ج. لين، صومعة إنسينيتاس المطلّة على جروف المحيط الهادئ.

«السيرة الذاتية» وسنوات الكتابة

في تلك الصومعة كتب على مدى عقد الكتابَ الذي سيبقى بعده: Autobiography of a Yogi («سيرة يوغي الذاتية»)، الذي نشرته دار The Philosophical Library في نيويورك في ديسمبر 1946. وهو عمل يصعب تصنيفه: فهو في آن واحد مذكّرات، وسيرة تقديسية لسلسلته الروحية — مهافاتار باباجي ولاهيري ماهاسايا وسري يوكتسوار —، وسجلّ للقدّيسين والخوارق، ودليل للتلقين. وما يُروى فيه من ارتفاع عن الأرض وتجسيد للأشياء وإحياء للموتى هو، في نظر المؤرّخ، شهادة إيمان لا واقعة موثّقة، وعلى هذا النحو يعرضه هذا الأطلس. أما تأثيره فواقعة ثابتة: فقد تُرجم إلى أكثر من خمسين لغة، وبيعت منه ملايين النسخ، وهو من الكتب التي قادت أكبر عدد من الغربيين إلى التأمّل. والطبعة الأولى الصادرة سنة 1946 هي اليوم في الملك العام في الولايات المتحدة؛ وقد واصلت الزمالة مراجعة النص في طبعاتها المتعاقبة.

وفي السنوات نفسها وضع الشروح التي ستنشرها الزمالة بعد وفاته — على «البهاغافاد غيتا» والأناجيل و«رباعيات» عمر الخيام —، وكانت قد ظهرت أولًا منجّمةً في مجلّتيه East-West وInner Culture. وفي 1946، بعد تعديل قانون الهجرة، طلب الجنسية الأمريكية فنالها سنة 1949. وفي 1950 افتتح «ليك شراين» في باسيفيك باليسيدز، وفيه نُصب تذكاري لغاندي يضمّ جزءًا من رماده.

الموت في فندق بيلتمور

في 7 مارس 1952، في مأدبة أُقيمت في فندق بيلتمور في لوس أنجلوس تكريمًا للسفير الهندي بيناي رانجان سين، ألقى كلمة قصيرة وقرأ الأبيات الأخيرة من قصيدته «My India» («هندي»). وبحسب شهود من الزمالة، سقط مغشيًّا عليه حين فرغ منها. ونسبت شهادة الوفاة الموت إلى انسداد تاجيّ حادّ؛ أما مريدوه فيتحدّثون عن الماهاسامادهي، أي مغادرة الجسد عن وعي. ودُفن في مقبرة فورست لون في غليندايل.

إرث في ساحات القضاء

إرث يوغاناندا هو أيضًا تاريخ مؤسسات. فالزمالة وجمعية يوغودا ساتسانغا، اللتان قادهما من بعده راجارشي جاناكاناندا (لين) وسري دايا ماتا وخلفاؤهما، تحتفظان بـ«دروسه» وتسجيلاته وحقوق نشر مؤلفاته. وفي 1962 أبعدت الزمالة أحد رهبانها، سوامي كرياناندا (ج. دونالد والترز)، الذي أسّس سنة 1968 جماعة «أناندا» قرب نيفادا سيتي. وقد استمرّت الدعوى التي رفعتها الزمالة على «أناندا» سنة 1990 بسبب استعمال عبارة «Self-Realization» وحقوق التأليف على مؤلفات المعلّم وصوره وتسجيلاته اثنتي عشرة سنة: فرفضت المحاكم أن تمنح الزمالة حقًّا حصريًّا في الاسم والصورة، بينما أنصفتها هيئة المحلّفين سنة 2002 في ملكية الحقوق وفي التعدّي على بعض التسجيلات. أما «أناندا» فتعيد من جهتها نشر الطبعة الأولى من «السيرة الذاتية» وتتمسّك بصيغ خاصة بها من تعاليمه.

ومن مواضع الجدل الأخرى رواية جسده «الذي لم يَبْلَ»، المستندة إلى رسالة من مدير دار الدفن في فورست لون كانت صيغتها الكاملة تذكر تحنيطًا عاديًا. أما ما يظلّ بمنأى عن كل جدال فهو مدى أثره: فقد كان يوغاناندا أوّل غورو هندي يقضي معظم حياته الراشدة في الغرب ويترك فيه مؤسسة قادرة على البقاء بعده.

المصادر: Yogananda, Paramhansa. Autobiography of a Yogi. Nueva York: The Philosophical Library, 1946 (1.ª ed.; texto en Project Gutenberg #7452). · Goldberg, Philip. The Life of Yogananda: The Story of the Yogi Who Became the First Modern Guru. Carlsbad (California): Hay House, 2018. · Yogananda, Swami. The Science of Religion. Los Ángeles: Yogoda and Sat-Sanga Headquarters, 4.ª ed., septiembre de 1925 (copyright 1924; 1.ª ed. en la India). Ejemplar digitalizado en Internet Archive. · Self-Realization Fellowship. Paramahansa Yogananda: In Memoriam. Los Ángeles: Self-Realization Fellowship, 1958 (reproduce la carta notarial de Harry T. Rowe, director de la funeraria de Forest Lawn, publicada antes en Self-Realization, mayo-junio de 1952). · Kriyananda, Swami (J. Donald Walters). The Path: Autobiography of a Western Yogi. Nevada City (California): Ananda Publications, 1977; reeditado como The New Path, Crystal Clarity, 2009.

الخط الزمني

الحياة عامًا بعد عام

كل نقطة حدث موثّق. انقر لتقرأه مع مصدره ودرجة اليقين فيه.

  1. 5 يناير 1893 · أقل من عام

    Birth of Mukunda Lal Ghosh

    Born into a Bengali family; his parents, Bhagabati Charan Ghosh and Gyana Prabha, are disciples of Lahiri Mahasaya.

    موثّق

  2. 1904 · 11 عامًا

    Death of his mother

    The death of Gyana Prabha, which he dates to his eleventh year, opens by his own account an intense spiritual search.

    مرجَّح

  3. 1910 · 17 عامًا

    Meeting Sri Yukteswar

    Meets Swami Sri Yukteswar Giri, a disciple of Lahiri Mahasaya, and becomes his disciple at the Serampore hermitage.

    موثّق

  4. يوليو 1915 · 22 عامًا

    Swami vows: Yogananda

    After graduating from Serampore College (University of Calcutta), he takes the vows of the Swami order, Giri branch, with the name Yogananda.

    موثّق

  5. 1917 · 24 عامًا

    Ranchi school and Yogoda Satsanga Society

    Founds at Dihika a school for boys that moves to Ranchi in 1918 with the support of the Maharaja of Kasimbazar; origin of Yogoda Satsanga Society of India.

    موثّق

  6. أكتوبر 1920 · 27 عامًا

    Congress of Religious Liberals

    Indian delegate to the International Congress of Religious Liberals; delivers "The Science of Religion" and founds the organisation that will become Self-Realization Fellowship.

    موثّق

  7. 1925 · 32 عامًا

    Mount Washington headquarters

    Acquires the former Mount Washington hotel, which becomes SRF's international headquarters.

    موثّق

  8. 1927 · 34 عامًا

    Received by Calvin Coolidge

    President Coolidge receives him at the White House; the press reports it as an unprecedented visit by an Indian teacher.

    موثّق

  9. 1929 · 36 عامًا

    Swami Dhirananda's lawsuit

    His former associate Basu Kumar Bagchi (Swami Dhirananda) sues him for unpaid wages and royalties; the case is settled.

    موثّق

  10. 1935 · 42 عامًا

    Journey to India and title of Paramahansa

    Visits Therese Neumann in Bavaria and Gandhi at Wardha; Sri Yukteswar confers on him the title of paramahansa. Self-Realization Fellowship is legally incorporated.

    موثّق

  11. 9 مارس 1936 · 43 عامًا

    Death of Sri Yukteswar

    His master dies at Puri while he is in Calcutta; the chapter on Sri Yukteswar's "resurrection" in the Autobiography is a visionary account.

    موثّق

  12. 1936 · 43 عامًا

    The Encinitas hermitage

    Back in California he receives as a gift from James J. Lynn (Rajarsi Janakananda) the Encinitas hermitage, where he will write the Autobiography.

    موثّق

  13. ديسمبر 1946 · 53 عامًا

    Publication of Autobiography of a Yogi

    The Philosophical Library publishes the first edition; that edition is now in the public domain in the United States.

    موثّق

  14. 1949 · 56 عامًا

    American citizenship

    Obtains the citizenship he had applied for in 1946, after the Luce–Celler Act.

    موثّق

  15. أغسطس 1950 · 57 عامًا

    Dedication of the Lake Shrine

    Dedicates the Lake Shrine and the Gandhi World Peace Memorial, which holds part of Gandhi's ashes.

    موثّق

  16. 7 مارس 1952 · 59 عامًا

    Death at Ambassador Sen's banquet

    After a short speech and the reading of his poem "My India" he collapses; death certificate: acute coronary occlusion. His disciples call it mahasamadhi.

    موثّق

  17. مايو 1952

    The Forest Lawn letter

    SRF publishes Harry T. Rowe's notarised letter on the absence of visible signs of decay; the full version mentions embalming.

    موثّق

  18. 1962

    Kriyananda's departure

    SRF's board asks Swami Kriyananda (J. Donald Walters) to resign; he will found Ananda in 1968.

    موثّق

  19. 1990

    SRF v. Ananda lawsuit

    SRF sues Ananda over the name "Self-Realization" and the rights in Yogananda's works, photographs and recordings; the litigation ends in 2002.

    موثّق

المؤلَّفات

المؤلَّفات الأساسية

المؤلَّفات التي لا يُفهم إرثه من دونها.

Autobiography of a Yogi — Paramahansa Yogananda

مؤلَّف مكتوب · 1946

Autobiography of a Yogi

An account of his life from childhood in Gorakhpur to the founding of his work in America, woven together with the story of his lineage—Mahavatar Babaji, Lahiri Mahasaya and Sri Yukteswar—and with encounters with figures such as Rabindranath Tagore, Gandhi, Therese Neumann, Anandamayi Ma and Luther Burbank. It mixes memoir, hagiography and doctrinal exposition: it presents kriya yoga as a science of liberation and narrates wonders to be read as testimony of faith. One of the most widely read spiritual books of the twentieth century, translated into more than fifty languages, it was the gateway to meditative yoga for several generations of Western readers.

13 طبعة · amazon.com

Man's Eternal Quest — Paramahansa Yogananda

محاضرات منشورة · 1975

Man's Eternal Quest

Lectures given mostly in SRF temples between the 1930s and 1952: the nature of God, reincarnation, karma, health, family life, world peace. It shows Yogananda the preacher, with humour, homely examples and a more intimate tone than the Autobiography, and is the most direct route to his spoken teaching.

4 طبعات · amazon.com

God Talks with Arjuna: The Bhagavad Gita — Paramahansa Yogananda

مؤلَّف نُشر بعد الوفاة · 1995

God Talks with Arjuna: The Bhagavad Gita

A translation of and commentary on the Gita's eighteen chapters read as an allegory of yoga: the field of Kurukshetra is the body, the Pandavas are the soul's faculties and the battle is meditation against the ego's habits. It develops the correspondence between the verses and the subtle centres of the spine, and presents Krishna as the guru who teaches kriya yoga. Alongside the Autobiography, it is his most ambitious doctrinal work.

5 طبعات · amazon.com

The Second Coming of Christ — Paramahansa Yogananda

مؤلَّف نُشر بعد الوفاة · 2004

The Second Coming of Christ

The Second Coming of Christ: The Resurrection of the Christ Within You

A reading of Jesus's words as a teaching of yoga: the "second coming" is not a future historical event but the awakening of Christ consciousness in each person through meditation. It comments on the baptism, the Sermon on the Mount, the miracles and the resurrection in parallel with the Bhagavad Gita, and argues for the essential unity of original Christianity and Krishna's yoga.

3 طبعات · amazon.com

الأقوال

أقوال محدَّدة الموضع في مؤلَّف بعينه. كل منها يحمل مصدره ودرجة الثقة به.

The characteristic features of Indian culture have long been a search for ultimate verities and the concomitant disciple-guru relationship.

متحقَّق منهAutobiography of a Yogi (1946), cap. 1, «My Parents and Early Life», primera frase

1 / 5

الكلمات الأخيرة

رواية لاحقة عن شهود

«"Where Ganges, woods, Himalayan caves, and men dream God— I am hallowed; my body touched that sod."»

Where Ganges, woods, Himalayan caves, and men dream God— I am hallowed; my body touched that sod.

These are the closing lines of his poem "My India", which he read at the end of his speech at the Biltmore Hotel banquet (7 March 1952) for Ambassador Binay Ranjan Sen. The account comes from Self-Realization Fellowship witnesses—among them Sri Daya Mata, who was in the room—and was spread through Self-Realization magazine (May–June 1952), the In Memoriam booklet and later editions of the Autobiography. There is no independent transcript of the moment; the exact coincidence between the last line and his collapse belongs to the devotional account.

المصدر: Self-Realization Fellowship. Paramahansa Yogananda: In Memoriam. Los Ángeles: Self-Realization Fellowship, 1958 (reproduce la carta notarial de Harry T. Rowe, director de la funeraria de Forest Lawn, publicada antes en Self-Realization, mayo-junio de 1952).

اسأل

بماذا يجيب أثره

اثنا عشر سؤالًا كبيرًا من أسئلة الإنسانية، وما تتيح نصوصه الإجابة به عنها، مع المراجع. ولا نقوّله ما لم يقل أبدًا.

  • ما المطلق؟ هل الله موجود؟

    God is formless Spirit and also Divine Mother to whom one speaks

    شخصي وغير شخصي معًايقوله صراحةً

    Paramahansa Yogananda describes God with the Vedantic formula of existence, consciousness and bliss, which he renders as ever-existing, ever-conscious, ever-new bliss: an omnipresent, formless Spirit from which creation proceeds. In chapter 14 of Autobiography of a Yogi he recounts an experience of cosmic consciousness in which he perceives the whole universe as light within his own being. But his work is also intensely devotional: he speaks with God as Divine Mother, prays, asks and receives answers, and holds that the divine can manifest in the form the devotee loves. In his commentaries on the Bhagavad Gita and the Gospels he presents both facets as complementary. The divine has, for him, a formless ground and a personal face that are equally real.

    قارن هذا السؤال مع معلّمين آخرين
  • من أنا؟ هل توجد ذات حقيقية؟

    The soul is individualised Spirit returning to God through many lives

    روح في تطوّريقوله صراحةً

    Paramahansa Yogananda defines the soul as individualised Spirit: a reflection of God, of the same blissful nature, which has forgotten its origin by identifying with body and ego. That soul passes through many incarnations, subject to the law of karma, and inhabits not only physical bodies but also subtle sheaths; in chapter 43 of Autobiography of a Yogi, his master Sri Yukteswar, after his death, describes to him the astral and causal worlds and the three bodies of the human being. The practice of Kriya Yoga hastens that evolution. The goal is reunion with Spirit, in which, according to Yogananda, the soul knows its unity with God without wholly losing its individuality. The true self is thus a divine soul on its way back, not the ego with which it is confused.

    قارن هذا السؤال مع معلّمين آخرين
  • لماذا نتألّم؟

    Pain arises from misused free will and pushes the soul back to God

    الكارما وتعلّم الروحيقوله صراحةً

    Paramahansa Yogananda explains suffering with two intertwined ideas. The first is karma: the human being, endowed with free will, sows by its acts the causes of what befalls it, in this life or others, and pain is the harvest of actions contrary to divine law. The second is maya, the cosmic delusion that makes the soul identify with the body and forget its divine nature; from that forgetfulness it seeks happiness in what cannot give it. Yogananda often compares the world to a film projected by God's light, in which suffering is real for those absorbed in it. Pain has, in his view, a function: it awakens longing for something more and pushes the soul, over many lives, to seek God.

    قارن هذا السؤال مع معلّمين آخرين
  • ماذا يحدث بعد الموت؟

    The soul passes into astral worlds and reincarnates until it is free

    الولادة من جديد وفق الكارمايقوله صراحةً

    Yogananda offers a detailed description of the beyond in the chapter of Autobiography of a Yogi entitled «The Resurrection of Sri Yukteswar». He relates that his master, who died in 1936, appeared to him in a body of flesh and blood and explained the structure of the after-death worlds: the human being has a physical, an astral and a causal body; at death one passes into the astral world, made of light and energy, where one remains for a time according to karma, and afterwards most return to incarnate on earth. Only when desires and karma have been exhausted does the soul also leave the astral and causal bodies and unite with Spirit. In his commentary on the Bhagavad Gita he develops the image of the soul changing bodies as one changes clothes. Kriya yoga, he holds, speeds up that evolution.

    قارن هذا السؤال مع معلّمين آخرين
  • كيف يُبلَغ التحرّر أو الخلاص؟

    Kriya Yoga, a technique received from the guru, accelerates evolution towards union with God

    بالممارسة المنضبطةيقوله صراحةً

    In Autobiography of a Yogi, Paramahansa Yogananda presents Kriya Yoga as the principal means of liberation. In the chapter devoted to its «science» he describes it as a psychophysiological method, based on controlling the life energy through the breath, which accelerates spiritual evolution and lets the practitioner achieve in a few years what would take many lives of natural development. The technique is received by initiation within a lineage of masters (Babaji, Lahiri Mahasaya, Sri Yukteswar) and is practised together with devotion to God, ethical discipline and daily meditation. The goal is Self-realisation and conscious communion with God, whom Yogananda conceives as ever-new Bliss.

    قارن هذا السؤال مع معلّمين آخرين
  • هل نحتاج إلى معلّم؟

    The guru-disciple bond and initiation into the lineage are the sure path

    لا غنى عنهيقوله صراحةً

    Autobiography of a Yogi is, in large part, the story of searching for a master and of the relationship with him. Paramahansa Yogananda narrates his meeting with Sri Yukteswar, whom he recognised as the guru he had been awaiting, and the years of discipline in his hermitage, where he learned an obedience he describes as liberating. Kriya Yoga is transmitted through initiation within a lineage of masters (Mahavatar Babaji, Lahiri Mahasaya, Sri Yukteswar and himself), and Yogananda presents the true guru as a channel of God whose help accompanies the disciple beyond death. The organisation he founded, Self-Realization Fellowship, maintains that conception of the guru lineage as guarantor of the teaching.

    قارن هذا السؤال مع معلّمين آخرين
  • هل العالم حقيقي؟

    A universe of light dreamed by God, with physical, astral and causal worlds

    مستويات من الوجوديقوله صراحةً

    In Autobiography of a Yogi, Paramahansa Yogananda describes the universe as a projection of light similar to a motion picture, sustained by God's consciousness: in the chapter on the law of miracles he presents it as God's cosmic dream, whose ultimate substance is light. That universe has levels. In the chapter on the resurrection of his master Sri Yukteswar he relates the description the latter allegedly gave him of the astral and causal worlds, subtler than the physical, in which souls live between incarnations. The physical world is real as a level of creation, but it is maya, an illusion relative to God, and the yogi learns to perceive it as such.

    قارن هذا السؤال مع معلّمين آخرين
  • ما الحب؟

    All human love reflects the love of God, which draws the soul back

    الشوق والوصاليقوله صراحةً

    For Paramahansa Yogananda love is God's nature and the force that draws the soul back to Him. He holds that the love of parents, friends or lovers is a partial reflection of divine love, which expresses itself through them and is never exhausted in any one of them; that is why no human love fully satisfies. The devotee must learn to recognise God behind every affection and direct to Him a constant longing, until feeling His love in deep meditation. In Whispers from Eternity and in the prayers of How You Can Talk with God he addresses to God petitions of personal love, as Divine Mother or as Beloved, and in Autobiography of a Yogi he describes experiences of ecstatic communion. Friendship, to which he gives great value, is for him the purest form of human love.

    قارن هذا السؤال مع معلّمين آخرين
  • هل نحن أحرار أم أن كل شيء مقدَّر؟

    The stars point to karma, but the wise can outwit them

    الكارما والاختياريقوله صراحةً

    In chapter 16 of *Autobiography of a Yogi*, «Outwitting the Stars», Yogananda recounts his master Sri Yukteswar's teaching on astrology: the birth chart does not cause destiny but indicates it, because a child is born at the moment when the celestial rays harmonise with his individual karma. That karma, however, is not final. Prayer, will power, deep meditation and the counsel of a sage can soften or cancel its effects. Yogananda thus acknowledges a real determination inherited from previous lives, but stresses that the soul, made in God's image, keeps the power to free itself. His teaching of *Kriya Yoga* is presented precisely as the swiftest means to burn accumulated karma.

    قارن هذا السؤال مع معلّمين آخرين
  • لماذا نتأمّل أو نصلّي؟

    Talking with God as a child demands of a father, with Kriya as method

    صداقة مع اللهيقوله صراحةً

    Yogananda joins two elements that appear separately in other teachers. On one side, a precise technique, *Kriya Yoga*, which in *Autobiography of a Yogi* (1946) he describes as a scientific method of controlling life energy to accelerate spiritual evolution. On the other, a deeply personal conception of prayer: in *Whispers from Eternity* and in his booklet *How You Can Talk With God* he teaches one to address God as Father, Mother or Friend, not with fearful pleading but with a child's confident demand, until an answer comes. Meditation stills mind and body so that this communion is possible; its end is conscious union with God, which he calls Self-realisation.

    قارن هذا السؤال مع معلّمين آخرين
  • هل يستطيع العقل أن يعرف الحقيقة القصوى؟

    A science of the soul, transmitted by initiation and verifiable by intuition

    معرفة باطنيةيقوله صراحةً

    Yogananda presents religion as an experimental science. In *The Science of Religion* (1920) he holds that all religions seek the same end, the removal of pain and the attainment of bliss, and that the methods for reaching it can be tested in experience. His instrument is not reason but intuition, the soul's faculty that perceives truth directly. In *Autobiography of a Yogi* he narrates the transmission of *Kriya Yoga* through a lineage of masters —Babaji, Lahiri Mahasaya, Sri Yukteswar— as an ancient technique lost and recovered, received through initiation and verified in practice. Reason and modern science are cited as allies, but subordinate to intuitive knowledge.

    قارن هذا السؤال مع معلّمين آخرين
  • الانسحاب من العالم أم تغييره؟

    Acting in the world without attachment, anchored in daily meditation

    التأمّل في الفعليقوله صراحةً

    Paramahansa Yogananda, a monk of the order of swamis, taught mainly Western lay people and maintained that the spiritual life does not require abandoning family or work. His model is the one he attributes to his lineage: Lahiri Mahasaya, master of kriya yoga, was a householder with a job and responsibilities, and in Autobiography of a Yogi he presents him as proof that realisation is compatible with life in the world. In his commentary on the Bhagavad Gita he interprets Krishna's exhortation to Arjuna as a call to fulfil one's own duty without attachment to the fruits, sustained by meditation. He recommended a balance between activity and recollection, a life of simple living and high thinking, and proposed the creation of world brotherhood colonies, communities in which spiritual practice would be united with work and life in common.

    قارن هذا السؤال مع معلّمين آخرين

التقارب والتوتّر

التقارب والتوتّر

محسوبة سؤالًا سؤالًا انطلاقًا من مواقفه. وسبب كل اتفاق أو اختلاف يظهر بالنقر.

يختلفان فيتناقض ظاهري

Paramahansa Yogananda · Nisargadatta Maharaj

The lineage that transmits and the guru within: two grateful disciples

Yogananda presents the authentic guru in Autobiography of a Yogi (chs. 10 and 12) as a channel of God: kriya yoga is received by initiation within a lineage, from Mahavatar Babaji to Sri Yukteswar, and obedience to his master was for him liberating. Nisargadatta holds in I Am That that the real guru is one's own being and that whatever any master says must be tested in one's own experience: the outer guru is an occasional help; the inner one, permanent. It looks like a contrast between a path of lineage and one without intermediaries. Yet Nisargadatta attributed all he had realised to having believed his master, Siddharameshwar Maharaj, without reservation, and he gave mantra initiation within a lineage; and Yogananda taught that the disciple's goal is to discover God in his own soul.

لماذا: The contradiction is apparent because both describe the same relationship from opposite ends. Both had a decisive guru and both belonged to a lineage with initiation; they differ in where they place the emphasis. Yogananda writes for Western readers to whom he wants to present a living tradition and an organisation, Self-Realization Fellowship, that guarantees transmission; hence he stresses lineage. Nisargadatta speaks to seekers who came to his home in Bombay with years of accumulated practices, and he urges them not to depend on anyone, himself included. The Hindu tradition knows this double face well: the outer master points to the inner one, which is the Self.

يتّفقان في

Paramahansa Yogananda · Jesus of Nazareth

Christ consciousness: a yogi comments on the Gospels

Yogananda devoted an extensive commentary to the Gospels, published posthumously as The Second Coming of Christ, and the organisation he founded honours Jesus alongside the masters of his lineage. What he finds there is a teaching of personal communion with God: Jesus withdraws to pray alone, calls God Abba in Gethsemane (Mk 14:36) and teaches asking with a child's trust of a Father who knows what is needed (Mt 6:5–13). Yogananda teaches exactly that prayer, to a God addressed as Father, Mother or Friend (How You Can Talk with God), and joins it to a meditation technique. For both the Absolute is someone who listens and answers, and prayer is intimacy rather than formula.

لماذا: The relationship is documented in one direction: Yogananda read and commented on the Gospels and presented Jesus as a realised master. His reading, however, is yogic and Vedantic: he distinguishes the historical Jesus from a universal Christ consciousness, reads some passages in terms of reincarnation and meditative technique, and conceives God as having a formless ground besides a personal face. None of this appears in the Synoptics, which present a first-century Jew who presupposes the God of Israel and announces his Kingdom, and Christian theology rejects reincarnation. They agree on the way of praying, not on the doctrine surrounding it.

يتّفقان في

Paramahansa Yogananda · Sadhguru

Yoga as a testable science: from kriya to inner engineering

Both present yoga not as belief but as a method anyone can verify. Yogananda holds in The Science of Religion (1920) that all religions seek the elimination of pain and the attainment of bliss, and that their methods can be tested; in Autobiography of a Yogi (ch. 26) he describes kriya yoga as a technique for controlling life energy that accelerates spiritual evolution. Sadhguru calls yoga an inner technology in Inner Engineering and invites people neither to believe nor disbelieve but to test in their own experience. In both, the central technique, kriya in one and Shambhavi Mahamudra in the other, is transmitted by initiation, and in both the guru's grace is what makes practice bear fruit. Method and master go together.

لماذا: They converge because they share a strategy for presenting yoga to global audiences, inaugurated at the end of the nineteenth century: translating an initiatory tradition into the language of science and efficacy, for readers who distrust dogma. There is no relation between them and their lineages are different. They differ in theology: Yogananda is intensely devotional, speaks to God as Divine Mother and comments on the Gospels; Sadhguru prefers an impersonal language, in which the ultimate is a dimension of life accessed through experience. The claims of both about the effects of their techniques are doctrinal: the library sets them out, it does not verify them.

حكايات وروايات

حكايات وروايات

شهادة1910

The meeting in a Benares lane

In 1910 Mukunda was living at the Bharat Dharma Mahamandal ashram in Benares, dissatisfied with its discipline. One day, sent to the market, he saw at the end of a lane a man in an ochre robe standing motionless as if waiting. By his account he recognised him at once as the face he had been seeing in meditation for years, ran to him and fell at his feet; the stranger told him he had been waiting for him for years. It was Swami Sri Yukteswar Giri. That meeting opened a decade of training at the Serampore hermitage, which the Autobiography describes as a hard apprenticeship full of rebukes and dry humour, far from the sugary image of the Indian master. The episode sets the model of the guru-disciple relationship that Yogananda would pass on in the West: a recognition that precedes the choice.

أصل الرواية: Single source: Yogananda himself, Autobiography of a Yogi (1946), ch. 10, "I Meet My Master, Sri Yukteswar". There is no independent testimony of the meeting; the 1910 date is confirmed by the biographies (Goldberg, 2018).

المصدر: Yogananda, Paramhansa. Autobiography of a Yogi. Nueva York: The Philosophical Library, 1946 (1.ª ed.; texto en Project Gutenberg #7452).

شهادة1935

Gandhi's kriya at Wardha

In August 1935 Yogananda spent several days at Gandhi's ashram at Wardha. His secretary, Mahadev Desai, welcomed him with a garland; the community ate in silence and Gandhi was keeping his weekly day of silence, so their first conversation was partly in writing. Yogananda described kriya yoga to him and, by his account, Gandhi asked to learn the technique: he initiated him together with several members of the ashram. Yogananda devotes one of the longest chapters of the Autobiography to the episode, with an enthusiastic defence of non-violence as spiritual law. The photographs of the visit are documented; the initiation rests on his testimony and that of his travelling secretary, C. Richard Wright.

أصل الرواية: Autobiography of a Yogi (1946), ch. 44, "With Mahatma Gandhi at Wardha", which reproduces Wright's travel notes. Photographs of Yogananda with Gandhi survive (Wikimedia Commons). No mention of the initiation is known in Gandhi's own writings.

المصدر: Yogananda, Paramhansa. Autobiography of a Yogi. Nueva York: The Philosophical Library, 1946 (1.ª ed.; texto en Project Gutenberg #7452).

شهادة1935

The stigmatic of Konnersreuth

In July 1935, on his way to India, Yogananda went out of his way to Konnersreuth in Bavaria to meet Therese Neumann, the Catholic peasant woman who bore the stigmata of the Passion and was said to have eaten nothing since 1926. The local bishop granted him permission to see her; according to the Autobiography she confirmed that she lived "by God's light" and he witnessed one of her Friday trances. Yogananda presents her as proof that the body can be sustained by cosmic energy, an idea central to his teaching on energisation. The Church never officially recognised Neumann's inedia, and her case remains disputed.

أصل الرواية: Autobiography of a Yogi (1946), ch. 39, "Therese Neumann, the Catholic Stigmatist". The visit is plausible and fits the known itinerary; the claims about inedia are Neumann's and her circle's, unverified.

المصدر: Yogananda, Paramhansa. Autobiography of a Yogi. Nueva York: The Philosophical Library, 1946 (1.ª ed.; texto en Project Gutenberg #7452).

رواية من سِيَر القدّيسين1936

Sri Yukteswar's 'resurrection'

Sri Yukteswar died at Puri on 9 March 1936. Three months later, on 19 June, in a hotel room in Bombay, Yogananda states that his master appeared to him in flesh and blood, embraced him and spoke to him for two hours about the astral world of Hiranyaloka, where he now served as a saviour of souls. The chapter recording the conversation is one of the most detailed expositions of his cosmology: physical, astral and causal bodies, rebirth on subtle planes and final liberation. For devotees it is a revelation; for the historian, a visionary account by a single witness.

أصل الرواية: Autobiography of a Yogi (1946), ch. 43, "The Resurrection of Sri Yukteswar". No other testimony exists; classified as a hagiographic, visionary account.

المصدر: Yogananda, Paramhansa. Autobiography of a Yogi. Nueva York: The Philosophical Library, 1946 (1.ª ed.; texto en Project Gutenberg #7452).

شهادة1952

'My India' at the Biltmore

On the evening of 7 March 1952 the Indian community of Los Angeles and many guests gathered at the Biltmore Hotel to honour the new ambassador, Binay Ranjan Sen. Yogananda, who according to his disciples had announced days earlier that his time was ending, spoke of India and America and of his hope for a "united world". He then read his poem "My India". As he spoke its last line—the body that touched that soil—he collapsed. The SRF members present described a smile and his gaze fixed between the eyebrows; the medical certificate spoke of a heart attack. The scene is the centre of the devotional account of his mahasamadhi.

أصل الرواية: An account by SRF witnesses published in Self-Realization (May–June 1952) and in Paramahansa Yogananda: In Memoriam (1958); the current institutional version is YSS, "Final Years and Mahasamadhi". The medical cause comes from the death certificate cited by Time.

المصدر: Self-Realization Fellowship. Paramahansa Yogananda: In Memoriam. Los Ángeles: Self-Realization Fellowship, 1958 (reproduce la carta notarial de Harry T. Rowe, director de la funeraria de Forest Lawn, publicada antes en Self-Realization, mayo-junio de 1952).

مختلَف فيه1952

The 'incorrupt' body: origin of the story

The story that Yogananda's body did not decay comes from a specific document: a notarised letter by Harry T. Rowe, mortuary director of Forest Lawn Memorial-Park (Glendale), published in full by SRF in its magazine Self-Realization (May–June 1952) and in the In Memoriam booklet. Rowe wrote that during the twenty days the body lay in view, until 27 March, staff observed none of the usual signs of deterioration and no odour, and spoke of a "phenomenal" state of immutability; Time reported it on 4 August 1952. Later editions of the Autobiography reproduce only extracts. The full letter, however, states that the body was embalmed about twenty-four hours after death and mentions a slight brown spot on the tip of the nose on 26 March. In 1995 the sceptic Harry Edwards ("Incorruptibility: Miracle or Myth?") and Professor Angel, who obtained the death certificate signed by an embalmer, argued that the "miracle" arises from selective quotation; embalmers consulted judged such preservation under a glass lid normal.

أصل الرواية: Primary source: Harry T. Rowe's letter in Self-Realization (May–June 1952) and in Paramahansa Yogananda: In Memoriam (SRF, 1958); reported by Time (4 August 1952). Critique: Harry Edwards (1995) and David C. Lane's summary in Integral World. SRF continues to present the case as a sign of sanctity.

المصدر: Self-Realization Fellowship. Paramahansa Yogananda: In Memoriam. Los Ángeles: Self-Realization Fellowship, 1958 (reproduce la carta notarial de Harry T. Rowe, director de la funeraria de Forest Lawn, publicada antes en Self-Realization, mayo-junio de 1952).

موثّق1990–2002

SRF v. Ananda: twelve years in court

In 1990 Self-Realization Fellowship sued the Ananda Church of Self-Realization, founded by its former monk Swami Kriyananda, for adding "Self-Realization" to its name and for publishing Yogananda's writings, photographs and recordings. In July 1995 the Ninth Circuit partly affirmed and partly reversed the lifting of the preliminary injunctions over the marks; by the end of the litigation SRF had not obtained exclusive rights to the words "Self-Realization" or to Yogananda's name and likeness, and Ananda kept "Ananda" in its name. In 2000 the same court held that Yogananda's writings and lectures were not works made for hire for the church and sent the question of his assignments back to trial. The 2002 jury accepted that Yogananda had wanted SRF to own his rights and found infringement, but awarded only about $29,000 for the sound recordings. Ananda maintains the suit was an attempt to control the legacy; SRF, that it defended the integrity of the work. Meanwhile the first edition of the Autobiography, whose copyright was not renewed, passed into the US public domain.

أصل الرواية: Court decisions: 59 F.3d 902 (9th Cir. 1995) and 206 F.3d 1322 (9th Cir. 2000); 2002 verdict as reported by The Union (Grass Valley). Partisan account: Ananda Sangha. The $29,000 figure comes from the press and Wikipedia ("Kriyananda").

المصدر: Self-Realization Fellowship Church v. Ananda Church of Self-Realization, 59 F.3d 902 (9th Cir. 1995), y decisión del Noveno Circuito de 23 de marzo de 2000 (n.º 97-17407) sobre los derechos de autor de las obras de Yogananda.

التعاليم

التعاليم

المفاهيم التي ينتظم بها فكره، مشروحة في سياقها.

Kriya yogakriya-yoga
A meditation technique based on controlling life energy along the spine, which Yogananda presents as an ancient science revived by Mahavatar Babaji and spread by Lahiri Mahasaya from 1861. As he describes it, the practitioner mentally circulates the life current up and down through the spinal centres; each cycle would equal a year of natural evolution, so that the technique "quickens" liberation. It is taught only after preparation (the Lessons) and through initiation, and its technical content is not published. Yogananda identifies it with Patañjali's pranayama and with the "offering of breath" of the Bhagavad Gita (IV.29). That the technique comes from antiquity is a claim of the lineage, not a verified historical fact.

Autobiography of a Yogi, ch. 26; God Talks with Arjuna; SRF Lessons.

المصدر: Yogananda, Paramhansa. Autobiography of a Yogi. Nueva York: The Philosophical Library, 1946 (1.ª ed.; texto en Project Gutenberg #7452).

Self-realizationself-realization
For Yogananda, "Self-realization" is the knowing—in body, mind and soul—that one is made in the image of God rather than a limited personality. It is not a belief but an experience reached through meditation and recognised by causeless peace and joy. The term allowed him to render in English the Vedantic idea of realising the Self (atman) without sectarian vocabulary, and it gave its name to his organisation. The same word was at the centre of the 1990 lawsuit: the courts did not grant SRF exclusive rights to a phrase naming a general religious idea.

Autobiography of a Yogi; Man's Eternal Quest; SRF v. Ananda litigation.

المصدر: Self-Realization Fellowship, sitio oficial (biografía, Forest Lawn, publicaciones).

Christ consciousness and the unity of Krishna and Christchrist-consciousness
Yogananda distinguished between Jesus, the historical man, and "Christ consciousness", the divine intelligence present throughout creation (the Kutastha Chaitanya of Indian tradition). Jesus and Krishna would be two full incarnations of that consciousness, and their teachings—the Sermon on the Mount and the Bhagavad Gita—would say the same thing. The "second coming" would be the birth of that consciousness in each person. SRF altars show Jesus, Krishna and the gurus of the lineage together. The thesis let him present yoga to a Christian audience without asking for conversion, and is one of the keys to his American success.

The Second Coming of Christ; God Talks with Arjuna; The Yoga of Jesus.

المصدر: Wikipedia (en), «Paramahansa Yogananda bibliography» (catálogo de títulos de SRF y YSS), consultada el 2026-10-25.

Energization (Yogoda)energization
A system of exercises Yogananda devised in 1916 and taught from the 1920s as "Yogoda": tensing and relaxing muscle groups with concentrated attention so as to draw life energy consciously into the body through the medulla oblongata, which he called the "mouth of God". The underlying idea is that the body is sustained above all by cosmic energy directed by the will, not only by food and oxygen. The exercises remain part of SRF and Ananda practice. Historians such as Anya Foxen place it in dialogue with the physical culture and New Thought of the period.

Yogoda booklets (1925); Autobiography of a Yogi; SRF Lessons; Foxen (2017).

المصدر: Foxen, Anya P. Biography of a Yogi: Paramahansa Yogananda and the Origins of Modern Yoga. Nueva York: Oxford University Press, 2017.

The world as a cosmic motion picturecosmic-motion-picture
To explain the doctrine of maya, Yogananda used the image of the cinema: the universe is a film projected by the divine beam of light; images of pain and joy are real to someone absorbed in the screen, but they do not touch the light that makes them possible. The sage goes on watching the film without forgetting the projector. The metaphor, which appears in the Autobiography and many talks, allowed him to address the problem of evil and suffering without denying their reality in experience, and to present meditation as turning towards the source of the light.

Autobiography of a Yogi, ch. 30 ("The Law of Miracles"); Why God Permits Evil and How to Rise Above It.

المصدر: Yogananda, Paramhansa. Autobiography of a Yogi. Nueva York: The Philosophical Library, 1946 (1.ª ed.; texto en Project Gutenberg #7452).

The SRF line of gurusguru-parampara-srf
Yogananda presented himself as the last link in a chain of masters: Mahavatar Babaji, an immortal Himalayan figure known only through his disciples' accounts; Lahiri Mahasaya (1828–1895), a Benares householder; Swami Sri Yukteswar (1855–1936); and himself. To that line he added Krishna and Jesus as inspirers. He declared that after him there would be no further guru in the organisation and that his teachings would be the guru. The historicity of Lahiri Mahasaya and Sri Yukteswar is documented; that of Babaji rests solely on testimonies from the lineage.

Autobiography of a Yogi, chs. 33–36; Goldberg (2018).

المصدر: Yogananda, Paramhansa. Autobiography of a Yogi. Nueva York: The Philosophical Library, 1946 (1.ª ed.; texto en Project Gutenberg #7452).

الخلوات

خلوات ومراكز

أماكن ولقاءات مرتبطة بتعليمه. نضعك على تواصل مع من ينظّمها.

  • Encinitas, California · Estados Unidos

    SRF How-to-Live retreats in Encinitas

    Self-Realization Fellowship

    Encinitas was one of Yogananda's most beloved places: here is the Hermitage where he wrote much of Autobiography of a Yogi, beside gardens on the Pacific cliffs. Self-Realization Fellowship runs its How-to-Live retreat centre in this setting, silent retreats intended, in the teacher's words, as a dynamo of silence where one may be recharged by the Infinite. Guests join the monastics for morning and evening meditation and may attend classes and receive spiritual counselling. There are personal retreats as well as conducted weekends with a more concentrated schedule on the teachings and techniques.

  • Ranchi, Jharkhand (y ashrams en Dakshineswar, Noida, Dwarahat y Chennai) · India

    Yogoda Satsanga Society: Ranchi ashram and sadhana sangams

    Yogoda Satsanga Society of India

    Yogoda Satsanga Society of India is the organisation Yogananda founded in India in 1917, the sister society of Self-Realization Fellowship. Its Ranchi ashram grew out of the boys' school the young yogi opened there, and preserves places connected with his life. Together with the ashrams at Dakshineswar, Noida, Dwarahat and Chennai, it organises retreats and sadhana sangams, gatherings of intensive practice with group meditations and classes given by monastics of the order. It is the reference path in India for studying his Lessons, which are available in English and in several Indian languages.

  • Pacific Palisades, Los Ángeles, California · Estados Unidos

    Lake Shrine: SRF meditation gardens

    Self-Realization Fellowship

    Lake Shrine is the sanctuary Yogananda dedicated in 1950 beside a small natural lake in Pacific Palisades, a few minutes from the Pacific. Its meditation gardens, open to people of every faith, are designed for quiet recollection, and its temple holds Sunday meditation and inspirational services. After the January 2025 fire in the area, the gardens have reopened by advance reservation while recovery continues, but the retreat house remains closed until further notice. It is one of the most visited of the places the teacher founded during his lifetime, and a gentle introduction to his spirit.

  • Estudio en casa (correo postal y aplicación) · Internacional

    Self-Realization Fellowship Lessons

    Self-Realization Fellowship

    The Self-Realization Fellowship Lessons are the home-study course Yogananda himself prepared to pass on his teaching to those who could not be with him. The basic series teaches three techniques: the Energization Exercises, the Hong-Sau Technique of Concentration and the Aum Technique of Meditation, together with guidance on prayer, affirmation and daily life. After the first months the student may apply for Kriya Yoga initiation. They arrive by post and through an app, and include access to spiritual counselling from the order's monastics, who remain the custodians of his method.

عرض جميع الخلوات →

مقاطع الفيديو

مقاطع الفيديو

تسجيلات ومقابلات وأفلام وثائقية. تُشغَّل مقاطع الفيديو من YouTube؛ ولا تُستضاف هنا.

  • Paramahansa Yogananda on the Dream-Nature of the World

    تسجيل أصلي· EN· 5 min

    Self-Realization Fellowshipالقناة الرسمية

  • Paramahansa Yogananda on How to Destroy Suffering by Its Roots

    تسجيل أصلي· EN· 3 min

    Self-Realization Fellowshipالقناة الرسمية

  • Paramahansa Yogananda on Karma

    تسجيل أصلي· EN· 5 min

    Self-Realization Fellowshipالقناة الرسمية

  • God Is as Real as You Are | Paramahansa Yogananda

    محاضرة· EN· 4 min

    Self-Realization Fellowshipالقناة الرسمية

  • AWAKE: The Life of Yogananda – Theatrical Trailer

    فيلم وثائقي· EN· 2014· 2 min

    Self-Realization Fellowshipالقناة الرسمية

  • Trailer Oficial Español – Awake: La Vida de Yogananda

    فيلم وثائقي· ES· 2014· 1 min

    AntropoDocs & Films

  • Yogananda // Official Trailer (HD) – French Version

    فيلم وثائقي· FR· 2014· 2 min

    Jupiter Films

  • Il Sentiero della Felicità – Awake, The Life of Yogananda – Trailer Ufficiale

    فيلم وثائقي· IT· 2014· 2 min

    Cineama

  • Celebrating Yogananda's Founding of the SRF International Headquarters 100 Years Ago

    محاضرة· EN· 2025· 79 min

    Self-Realization Fellowshipالقناة الرسمية

  • «Karunamay Gurudeva» — Kirtan Chanting by the Sannyasis of Yogoda Satsanga Society of India

    تسجيل من طرف ثالث· HI· 7 min

    Yogoda Satsanga Society of Indiaالقناة الرسمية

  • Energization Exercises of Paramhansa Yogananda

    تسجيل من طرف ثالث· EN· 17 min

    The Expanding Light Retreat

المعرض

المعرض

صور بترخيص متحقَّق منه. كل منها تحتفظ بمؤلّفها ونسبتها.

العلاقات

العلاقات

تأثيرات وتلمذة وتقارب في الأفكار. تُميَّز العلاقة الموثّقة عن التشابه المستخلَص بالتحليل.

  • التقى بـ

    Luther Burbank

    Friendship with the Santa Rosa botanist, who received kriya initiation from him; he dedicated the Autobiography to him (ch. 38 and dedication).

    علاقة موثّقة

  • تلميذ

    Sri Yukteswar

    His guru from 1910 to 1936; ordained him swami in 1915 and gave him the title of paramahansa in 1935.

    علاقة موثّقة

  • تأثّر بـ

    Lahiri Mahasaya

    Teacher of his parents and of Sri Yukteswar; Yogananda spread his kriya yoga.

    علاقة موثّقة

  • تأثّر بـ

    Jesus of Nazareth

    He devoted his major Gospel commentary to him and placed him in the SRF lineage alongside Krishna.

    علاقة موثّقة

  • تأثّر بـ

    Patañjali

    He identifies kriya yoga with the pranayama of the Yoga Sutras and quotes Patañjali when explaining it.

    علاقة موثّقة

  • التقى بـ

    Ramana Maharshi

    Visited him at Tiruvannamalai in late November 1935 with his secretary C. R. Wright; the visit is recorded in Talks with Sri Ramana Maharshi and in photographs. The first edition of the Autobiography does not mention it.

    علاقة موثّقة

  • التقى بـ

    Mahatma Gandhi

    Spent several days at Wardha in August 1935 and, by his account, initiated him into kriya yoga.

    علاقة موثّقة

  • التقى بـ

    Anandamayi Ma

    Meeting in 1936 in Calcutta, narrated in the Autobiography (ch. 45) and photographed.

    علاقة موثّقة

  • التقى بـ

    Therese Neumann

    Visit at Konnersreuth (Bavaria) in July 1935.

    علاقة موثّقة

  • التقى بـ

    Rabindranath Tagore

    Meeting at Santiniketan, where they compared their schools (Autobiography, ch. 29).

    علاقة موثّقة

  • معلّم

    Swami Kriyananda (J. Donald Walters)

    Disciple from 1948; removed from SRF in 1962, he founded Ananda in 1968.

    علاقة موثّقة

  • معلّم

    Sri Daya Mata

    Disciple from 1931 and president of SRF from 1955 to 2010; witness of his death.

    علاقة موثّقة

  • أفكار قريبة من

    Swami Vivekananda

    Both presented yoga to the West as a universal science of religion; Yogananda reached the United States a quarter of a century later.

    تشابه مستخلَص بالتحليل

  • معاصر لـ

    Sri Aurobindo

    Bengali contemporaries with spiritual readings of the Gita and of the evolution of consciousness; no meeting is recorded.

    تشابه مستخلَص بالتحليل

المصادر

المصادر

المراجع والفهارس التي رُوجعت لهذه الصفحة.

  1. Yogananda, Paramhansa. Autobiography of a Yogi. Nueva York: The Philosophical Library, 1946 (1.ª ed.; texto en Project Gutenberg #7452).
  2. Goldberg, Philip. The Life of Yogananda: The Story of the Yogi Who Became the First Modern Guru. Carlsbad (California): Hay House, 2018.
  3. Wikidata, «Paramahansa Yogananda» (Q312549): nacimiento 05-01-1893 en Gorakhpur, muerte 07-03-1952 en Los Ángeles, sepultura en Forest Lawn (Glendale); 84 enlaces entre wikis.
  4. Yogananda, Swami. The Science of Religion. Los Ángeles: Yogoda and Sat-Sanga Headquarters, 4.ª ed., septiembre de 1925 (copyright 1924; 1.ª ed. en la India). Ejemplar digitalizado en Internet Archive.
  5. Self-Realization Fellowship. Paramahansa Yogananda: In Memoriam. Los Ángeles: Self-Realization Fellowship, 1958 (reproduce la carta notarial de Harry T. Rowe, director de la funeraria de Forest Lawn, publicada antes en Self-Realization, mayo-junio de 1952).
  6. Time, 4 de agosto de 1952: nota sobre la carta de Harry T. Rowe (Forest Lawn Memorial-Park) acerca del cuerpo de Yogananda.
  7. Wikipedia (en), «Paramahansa Yogananda», consultada el 2026-10-23 (secciones Death, Lawsuits; resumen de los párrafos de la carta de Rowe sobre el embalsamamiento y la mancha en la nariz).
  8. Kriyananda, Swami (J. Donald Walters). The Path: Autobiography of a Western Yogi. Nevada City (California): Ananda Publications, 1977; reeditado como The New Path, Crystal Clarity, 2009.
  9. Self-Realization Fellowship Church v. Ananda Church of Self-Realization, 59 F.3d 902 (9th Cir. 1995), y decisión del Noveno Circuito de 23 de marzo de 2000 (n.º 97-17407) sobre los derechos de autor de las obras de Yogananda.
  10. «Jury: Copyrights violated by church», The Union (Grass Valley, California), 2002 (veredicto del jurado en el pleito SRF contra Ananda).
  11. Ananda Sangha, «Self-Realization Fellowship vs. Ananda: Religious Freedom Lawsuit 1990-2002» (versión de una de las partes).
  12. Self-Realization Fellowship, sitio oficial (biografía, Forest Lawn, publicaciones).
  13. Yogoda Satsanga Society of India, sitio oficial.
  14. Open Library, registros de ediciones de Paramahansa Yogananda (consultados por ISBN).
  15. Foxen, Anya P. Biography of a Yogi: Paramahansa Yogananda and the Origins of Modern Yoga. Nueva York: Oxford University Press, 2017.
  16. Wikimedia Commons, metadatos de licencia de las fotografías de Paramahansa Yogananda (API imageinfo) y Library of Congress, National Photo Company Collection (LCCN 2016842956).
  17. Yogananda, Swami. Songs of the Soul. Los Ángeles: Yogoda Sat-Sanga, 1923. Ejemplar digitalizado en Internet Archive.
  18. Williamson, Lola. Transcendent in America: Hindu-Inspired Meditation Movements as New Religion. Nueva York: New York University Press, 2010.
  19. Lane, David C. «The Incorruptible Body of Paramahansa Yogananda» (Integral World), que resume y cita el artículo de Harry Edwards «Incorruptibility: Miracle or Myth?» (noviembre de 1995) y las gestiones del profesor Angel ante el registro civil de Los Ángeles (certificado de defunción firmado por el embalsamador Kenneth I. Johnson).
  20. Self-Realization Fellowship Church v. Ananda Church of Self-Realization, 206 F.3d 1322 (9th Cir., 23 de marzo de 2000): los escritos y conferencias de Yogananda no eran «obras por encargo»; cuestión de las cesiones devuelta a juicio.
  21. Wikipedia (en), «Kriyananda» (salida de SRF en 1962, fundación de Ananda en 1968, pleito SRF contra Ananda 1990-2002 y su desenlace), consultada el 2026-10-25.
  22. Wikipedia (en), «Paramahansa Yogananda bibliography» (catálogo de títulos de SRF y YSS), consultada el 2026-10-25.
  23. Self-Realization Fellowship Bookstore, catálogo de libros de Paramahansa Yogananda.
  24. Crystal Clarity Publishers (editorial de Ananda), catálogo de obras de Paramhansa Yogananda, incluida la reimpresión de la primera edición de 1946 de Autobiography of a Yogi.
  25. Yogoda Satsanga Society of India, «Final Years and Mahasamadhi» (versión institucional de los últimos años, del banquete del Biltmore y de la carta de Forest Lawn).
  26. Venkataramiah, Munagala (Swami Ramanananda Saraswati), ed. Talks with Sri Ramana Maharshi. Tiruvannamalai: Sri Ramanasramam, 1955 (conversaciones anotadas entre 1935 y 1939; incluye la visita de Yogananda y de su secretario C. R. Wright a finales de 1935).
  27. Yogoda Satsanga Society of India, librería en línea: fichas de «Who Made God?» (ISBN 9788189535360), «Developing Dynamic Will», «Awake in the Cosmic Dream» (grabación del 5 de enero de 1952, ℗ 1987 SRF), «The Great Light of God» (grabación del 23 de diciembre de 1951, ℗ 1993 SRF) y «Self-Realization: The Inner and the Outer Path» (grabación del 25 de diciembre de 1950, ℗ 2002/2004 SRF). Consultadas el 2026-10-25.
صاحب الحقوق
Self-Realization Fellowship (Los Ángeles) y, en la India, Yogoda Satsanga Society of India, como herederas de Yogananda; el jurado de 2002 confirmó la titularidad de SRF. La primera edición de 1946 de Autobiography of a Yogi está en dominio público en EE. UU.
الموقع الرسمي
yogananda.org/

في انتظار التأكيد

ما لم تتمكّن هذه الصفحة من حسمه بعد. نفضّل أن نقول ذلك على أن نملأ الفراغ.

  • Anotado (2026-10-25): Folletos de YSS publicados solo en la India (The Art of Living, Developing Dynamic Will, Man's Greatest Adventure, Nervousness: Cause and Cure, Seek God Now, Who Made God?, Habit—Your Master or Your Slave?, etc.; una decena según Wikipedia «Paramahansa Yogananda bibliography»): no registrados uno a uno. → agrupados en la obra «yss-booklets» con tres ediciones verificadas; faltan ISBN verificados de The Art of Living, Increasing the Power of Initiative, Habit, Man’s Greatest Adventure y Seek God Now (Open Library no los registra y Google Books tenía la cuota agotada).
  • Revistas East-West (1925-1934) e Inner Culture (1934-1942): primera publicación de muchos textos; no se tratan como obras.
  • Confirmar ISBN de Solving the Mystery of Life (SRF, 2025) y de Cosmic Chants en español.
  • Fecha exacta del primer encuentro con Calvin Coolidge (enero o febrero de 1927 según las fuentes).
  • Cotejar el texto íntegro de la carta de Harry T. Rowe (In Memoriam, 1958) para citar literalmente la fecha de la carta y la mención del embalsamamiento.
  • Obras de Swami Kriyananda basadas en Yogananda (Conversations with Yogananda, The Essence of the Bhagavad Gita, Revelations of Christ): pertenecen a la ficha de Kriyananda, no se registran aquí como obras de Yogananda.
  • Sala de lectura (2026-10-25): los cuatro textos registrados (Autobiography 1946, The Science of Religion 1925, Songs of the Soul 1923, Whispers from Eternity 1929) son dominio público en EE. UU. y en la UE, pero no en España hasta el 1-1-2033 (80 años desde 1952): van con caution. Revisar entonces.
  • Sala de lectura: Metaphysical Meditations (1932) y Scientific Healing Affirmations (1924) podrían ser dominio público en EE. UU.; no se ha localizado un texto completo con OCR limpio.
  • Grabaciones de su voz: además de las tres añadidas y Beholding the One in All, SRF edita otras charlas grabadas (catálogo de la librería de SRF/YSS); inventariar la serie completa.

بُحث بتاريخ 2026-10-25