Written work
The Decisive Criterion for Distinguishing Islam from Clandestine Unbelief
فيصل التفرقة بين الإسلام والزندقة (Faysal al-tafriqa)
A short treatise on the limits of the charge of unbelief (*takfir*). It distinguishes five levels of existence (essential, sensory, imaginal, intellectual and analogical) to show that divergent interpretations of Scripture are not unbelief so long as they do not deny the Prophet, and calls for extreme caution before declaring a Muslim an infidel. It is one of the classic texts on theological tolerance in Islam.
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Authorship note
Authentic (Iranica; Griffel).
Editions and translations
Editions in your language first, without hiding the others. Each with its cover and its store.
English
On the Boundaries of Theological Tolerance in Islam: Abu Hamid al-Ghazali's Faysal al-Tafriqa
Oxford University Press, 2002
Translation: Sherman A. Jackson
ISBN 0195797914
Français
Al-Ghazali
Le critère décisif de distinction entre l'Islam et le manichéisme
The Conscious LibraryLe critère décisif de distinction entre l'Islam et le manichéisme
Casablanca, 1983
Translation: H. Mustapha
Citado por la Encyclopædia Iranica. Sin ISBN.
Deutsch
Al-Ghazali
Über Rechtgläubigkeit und religiöse Toleranz
The Conscious LibraryÜber Rechtgläubigkeit und religiöse Toleranz
Spur Verlag, Zúrich, 1998
Translation: Frank Griffel
Sin ISBN verificado.
Other works by Al-Ghazali
- The Revival of the Religious Sciences (Ihya ulum al-din) · 1097
- The Extensive (Shafi'i law) · 1088
- The Intermediate (Shafi'i law) · 1090
- The Concise (Shafi'i law) · 1101
- The Quintessence of the Epitome
- The Sifted Notes on the Foundations · 1085
- The Healing of the Thirsty (on legal reasoning) · 1093
- The Essentials of Legal Theory · 1109
- The Foundation of Analogy
- The Aims of the Philosophers · 1094
- The Incoherence of the Philosophers · 1095
- The Standard of Knowledge (logic) · 1095
- The Touchstone of Reasoning (logic) · 1095
- The Criterion of Action · 1095
- The Correct Balance · 1100
- Moderation in Belief · 1095
- The Jerusalem Epistle · 1096
- The Rule of Interpretation · 1105
- Restraining the Common People from Theology · 1111
- The Infamies of the Batinis (al-Mustazhiri) · 1095
- The Excellent Refutation of the Divinity of Jesus from the Gospel
- The Book of the Forty (principles of religion) · 1100
- The Jewels of the Qur'an · 1100
- The Noblest Aim: on the Beautiful Names of God · 1100
- Dictation on the Difficult Passages of the Ihya · 1105
- The Beginning of Guidance · 1100
- The Precious Pearl (on the science of the hereafter) · 1100
- The Niche of Lights · 1106
- Deliverance from Error · 1108
- The Alchemy of Happiness · 1105
- Counsel for Kings · 1109
- The Virtues of Mankind: Letters of the Proof of Islam · 1111
- Refutation of the Antinomians · 1106
- O Disciple (Letter to a Disciple)
- The Path of the Worshippers
- What Is to Be Withheld from the Unworthy
- The Lesser Withheld Book (Answers on Eschatological Questions)
- The Epistle on Divinely Bestowed Knowledge
- The Ladders of Holiness in the Degrees of Self-Knowledge
- The Unveiling of Hearts
- The Secret of the Two Worlds
- The Wisdom in God's Creatures
- Book of Counsel
Sources
- Böwering, Gerhard. «Ḡazālī, Abū Ḥāmed Moḥammad i. Biography». Encyclopædia Iranica, vol. X, fasc. 4 (2001), ed. en línea.
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