Written work · Essential works
The Incoherence of the Philosophers
تهافت الفلاسفة (Tahafut al-falasifa)
A refutation of twenty theses of the Aristotelian philosophers, above all Avicenna, using their own logical methods. Three of them (the eternity of the world, that God knows only universals, and the denial of bodily resurrection) are in his judgement unbelief; the other seventeen, innovations. The seventeenth question contains his analysis of causality: the connection between what we call cause and effect is not necessary but a habit created by God, as the example of cotton and fire shows. Averroes replied with the *Tahafut al-tahafut*.
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Authorship note
Authentic; completed in the first fortnight of 488 AH (January 1095), according to the colophon (Iranica). Critical edition by Maurice Bouyges (Beirut, 1927).
Editions and translations
Editions in your language first, without hiding the others. Each with its cover and its store.
English
The Incoherence of the Philosophers: A Parallel English-Arabic Text
Brigham Young University Press, 2000
Translation: Michael E. Marmura
ISBN 9780842524667
2.ª ed.; primera edición de 1997 (0842523510, reimpr. 1998: 9780842523516).
Al-Ghazali
Al-Ghazali's Tahafut al-Falasifah (Incoherence of the Philosophers)
The Conscious LibraryAl-Ghazali's Tahafut al-Falasifah (Incoherence of the Philosophers)
Pakistan Philosophical Congress, Lahore, 1963
Translation: Sabih Ahmad Kamali
Primera traducción inglesa completa. Sin ISBN.
العربية
Al-Ghazali
Tahafot al-falasifat (texto árabe con resumen latino)
The Conscious LibraryTahafot al-falasifat (texto árabe con resumen latino)
Imprimerie Catholique, Beirut, 1927
Translation: Maurice Bouyges (ed.)
Edición crítica de referencia. Sin ISBN.
mk
Al-Ghazali
Bladanjata na filozofite
The Conscious LibraryBladanjata na filozofite
Tabernakul, Skopie, 2002
ISBN 9989937419
Traducción macedonia.
Español
Al-Ghazali
Tahafut al-falasifa
The Conscious LibraryTahafut al-falasifa
Almuzara (col. Averroes), Córdoba, 2026
Translation: Khadija Madouri
ISBN 9791370202217
Introducción de Juan Antonio Pacheco. ISBN tomado de la ficha bibliográfica de una reseña: confirmar en el catálogo del editor.
Other works by Al-Ghazali
- The Revival of the Religious Sciences (Ihya ulum al-din) · 1097
- The Extensive (Shafi'i law) · 1088
- The Intermediate (Shafi'i law) · 1090
- The Concise (Shafi'i law) · 1101
- The Quintessence of the Epitome
- The Sifted Notes on the Foundations · 1085
- The Healing of the Thirsty (on legal reasoning) · 1093
- The Essentials of Legal Theory · 1109
- The Foundation of Analogy
- The Aims of the Philosophers · 1094
- The Standard of Knowledge (logic) · 1095
- The Touchstone of Reasoning (logic) · 1095
- The Criterion of Action · 1095
- The Correct Balance · 1100
- Moderation in Belief · 1095
- The Jerusalem Epistle · 1096
- The Decisive Criterion for Distinguishing Islam from Clandestine Unbelief · 1101
- The Rule of Interpretation · 1105
- Restraining the Common People from Theology · 1111
- The Infamies of the Batinis (al-Mustazhiri) · 1095
- The Excellent Refutation of the Divinity of Jesus from the Gospel
- The Book of the Forty (principles of religion) · 1100
- The Jewels of the Qur'an · 1100
- The Noblest Aim: on the Beautiful Names of God · 1100
- Dictation on the Difficult Passages of the Ihya · 1105
- The Beginning of Guidance · 1100
- The Precious Pearl (on the science of the hereafter) · 1100
- The Niche of Lights · 1106
- Deliverance from Error · 1108
- The Alchemy of Happiness · 1105
- Counsel for Kings · 1109
- The Virtues of Mankind: Letters of the Proof of Islam · 1111
- Refutation of the Antinomians · 1106
- O Disciple (Letter to a Disciple)
- The Path of the Worshippers
- What Is to Be Withheld from the Unworthy
- The Lesser Withheld Book (Answers on Eschatological Questions)
- The Epistle on Divinely Bestowed Knowledge
- The Ladders of Holiness in the Degrees of Self-Knowledge
- The Unveiling of Hearts
- The Secret of the Two Worlds
- The Wisdom in God's Creatures
- Book of Counsel
Sources
- Böwering, Gerhard. «Ḡazālī, Abū Ḥāmed Moḥammad i. Biography». Encyclopædia Iranica, vol. X, fasc. 4 (2001), ed. en línea.
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