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Theosophy

Alice A. Bailey

1880 – 1949Historically documented person

Alice A. Bailey (1880–1949), a British esoteric writer who settled in the United States, signed twenty-four books that form one of the most influential bodies of post-Blavatsky Theosophy. She presented nineteen of them as telepathic dictations from a master she called 'the Tibetan' (later Djwhal Khul), and five as her own work. With her husband Foster Bailey she founded the Lucis Trust and the Arcane School, spread the Great Invocation and popularised the phrase 'New Age'. Her legacy is as wide as it is contested.

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Alice A. Bailey en la década de 1940

Alice A. Bailey en la década de 1940 · Public domain

In their words

«From the point of Light within the Mind of God / Let light stream forth into the minds of men.»

La Gran Invocación (versión de 1945), en The Reappearance of the Christ, páginas preliminares

Their central idea

Bailey distinguishes automatic writing, which she considers dangerous because it requires passivity, from the conscious telepathy she claimed to practise: positive attention, full control of the senses and faithful transcription, correcting only the English.

Biography

5 min read

A child of the Victorian upper middle class

Alice La Trobe-Bateman was born in Manchester on 16 June 1880 into a family of engineers. Her grandfather, John Frederic La Trobe-Bateman, was one of the great builders of dams and waterworks in industrial England; her father, Frederic Foster La Trobe-Bateman, worked for the family firm and took the infant to Montreal, where he was engaged on the Victoria Bridge over the St Lawrence. Almost everything we know of those years comes from a single witness: the Unfinished Autobiography she wrote between 1945 and 1948 and her widower published in 1951. It is a precious source and an interested one, written by a woman who read her own life in the light of the mission she believed she had received.

In that account childhood is surrounded by luxury and by a persistent sadness. Her mother died at twenty-nine, when Alice was six; her father, already ill, died soon afterwards on a sea voyage to Tasmania. The two sisters grew up with their grandparents at Moor Park, Surrey, and, after the grandfather's death, among governesses and long stays at Castramont, the Scottish home of an aunt, Margaret Maxwell. The author does not hide what many biographers would have left out: before the age of fifteen, she says, she tried to take her own life three times.

The visitor in the turban

The episode that orders her whole autobiography took place on Sunday 30 June 1895, at Castramont. Alone in the drawing-room while the family was at church, she saw — so she tells it — a tall man in European clothes and a turban walk in and tell her that there was work planned for her in the world if she could master her temper. Years later, in the shrine room of the Theosophical Society's Esoteric Section at Krotona, she believed she recognised him in the portrait of the Master Koot Hoomi. No other witness corroborates the scene; it is, strictly speaking, personal testimony.

Evangelist, wife, factory hand

The young Anglican first found her vocation in evangelism. She worked in the soldiers' homes run by Elise Sandes in Ireland and then in British India, where she opened homes at Umballa and Ranikhet. There she met Walter Evans, a soldier who hoped to be ordained; they married in Britain around 1907 and moved to Cincinnati, where he studied at Lane Theological Seminary before becoming an Episcopal priest. The marriage, as she tells it, was a sequence of hardship and violence. Three daughters were born — Dorothy, Mildred and Ellison — and in 1915, in Pacific Grove, California, the couple separated. To feed the girls, the granddaughter of the Manchester engineer worked in a sardine cannery.

Theosophy and rupture

In Pacific Grove two English women brought her to the local Theosophical lodge. Blavatsky's Secret Doctrine displaced the Bible on her bedside table, and around 1917–1918 she moved to Krotona, the Society's Californian headquarters, where she ran the cafeteria, joined the Esoteric Section and came to edit the magazine The Messenger. In January 1919 she met Foster Bailey, who that year became National Secretary; once her divorce was granted, they married in 1921.

The couple led a current critical of Adyar's management and of the Esoteric Section's grip on the Society, at the height of the controversy over Annie Besant's prophecies about Krishnamurti. The Chicago convention of 1920 ended with both removed from their posts. Historians such as Bruce F. Campbell and Olav Hammer add a deeper motive: Besant's distrust of the communications Alice claimed to receive.

The voice of the Tibetan

In November 1919, sitting on a hill near her Hollywood home, Bailey heard, as she later told it, a musical note and a voice asking her to write books for the public. She refused; the voice returned three weeks later and she agreed to try. So were born the first chapters of Initiation, Human and Solar (1922). For thirty years she took down — insisting always that this was not automatic writing but a conscious telepathy — nineteen volumes attributed to 'the Tibetan', whom she eventually identified as Djwhal Khul, a master of the Theosophical tradition. Five books she signed as her own. Authorship is therefore the central question of her work: Theosophical readers accept it as transmission; historians treat it as Bailey's own literary production cast in the form of revelation. She herself reports, wryly, that Jung was said to regard the Tibetan as a personification of her higher self.

The Lucis Trust and the Arcane School

Settled in New York, the Baileys founded in 1922 the press that would publish all her work — first the Lucifer Publishing Company, a name alluding to light that they soon changed to Lucis — and in April 1923 the Arcane School, a correspondence training in meditation and service that required no oaths of obedience. Around it grew the magazine The Beacon, World Goodwill (with explicit support for the United Nations) and the Triangles network, groups of three people meditating daily. A first stanza of the Great Invocation appeared in 1937, and in 1945 the version that now circulates in dozens of languages.

Doctrine, influence and controversy

Her system reworks the Theosophy of Blavatsky and Leadbeater: a hierarchy of masters guiding evolution, seven rays of energy qualifying persons and nations, an 'esoteric' astrology and healing, and the expectation of a reappearance of the Christ who would found a universal religion. Her insistent use of the phrase 'New Age' explains why many scholars count her among the forerunners of the movement of that name, by way of Findhorn and other groups.

Controversy is part of the legacy and must be recorded without softening it. Texts such as Education in the New Age and The Destiny of the Nations contain a theory of spiritual races and passages on Judaism that writers such as Yonassan Gershom, Hannah Newman and Victor Shnirelman have called antisemitic or racist. The Lucis Trust holds that such readings take an evolutionary and symbolic vocabulary out of context; the reader will find both arguments.

The end

Suffering from heart and blood disease, Bailey refused invalidism from 1946 and kept dictating letters from her hospital bed. She died in New York on 15 December 1949. Her autobiography was left unfinished; The Rays and the Initiations, the last volume of A Treatise on the Seven Rays, appeared in 1960. The Lucis Trust holds the rights and keeps her books available online and translated into many languages.

Sources: Bailey, Alice A. The Unfinished Autobiography. Nueva York: Lucis Publishing Company, 1951 (© 1951, renovado 1979, Lucis Trust). · Campbell, Bruce F. Ancient Wisdom Revived: A History of the Theosophical Movement. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980. · Hammer, Olav. Claiming Knowledge: Strategies of Epistemology from Theosophy to the New Age. Leiden: Brill, 2001. · Sutcliffe, Steven J. Children of the New Age: A History of Spiritual Practices. Londres: Routledge, 2003. · Bailey, Alice A. The Reappearance of the Christ. Nueva York: Lucis Publishing Company, 1948 (texto de la Gran Invocación en las páginas preliminares).

Timeline

A life, year by year

Each point is a documented event. Click to read it, with its source and degree of certainty.

  1. June 16, 1880 · age 0

    Born in Manchester

    Alice La Trobe-Bateman is born, daughter of the engineer Frederic Foster La Trobe-Bateman and Alice Hollinshead, granddaughter of the waterworks builder John Frederic La Trobe-Bateman.

    Documented

  2. c. 1886 · age 6

    Death of her mother

    Her mother dies at twenty-nine, when Alice is six; soon after, her father dies on a voyage to Tasmania and the girls are left with their grandparents at Moor Park, Surrey.

    Documented

  3. June 30, 1895 · age 15

    The visitor in the turban

    According to her autobiography, a stranger in a turban visits her at her aunt's house and announces a future task. She later identifies him with the Master Koot Hoomi. It is uncorroborated personal testimony.

    Disputed

  4. c. 1900 – 1906

    Evangelist in the Soldiers' Homes

    She works with Elise Sandes in the evangelical homes for British soldiers, first in Ireland and then in India, where she opens homes at Umballa and Ranikhet and meets Walter Evans.

    Documented

  5. c. 1907 · age 27

    Marriage to Walter Evans

    She marries Walter Evans in a private chapel in Britain and moves with him to Cincinnati, where he studies at Lane Theological Seminary before being ordained an Episcopal priest.

    Probable

  6. 1915 · age 35

    Separation and the sardine cannery

    She separates definitively from Walter Evans and, with three young daughters (Dorothy, Mildred and Ellison), works in a sardine cannery to support them.

    Documented

  7. c. 1918 · age 38

    Esoteric Section of the Theosophical Society

    Having discovered Theosophy in Pacific Grove she settles at Krotona, joins the Esoteric Section and, in the shrine room, believes she recognises her 1895 visitor as the Master K. H.

    Documented

  8. November 1919 · age 39

    First contact with 'the Tibetan'

    According to her account, a voice asks her to write books for the public. After refusing once, she agrees to try and receives the first chapters of Initiation, Human and Solar.

    Disputed

  9. 1920 · age 40

    Break at the Chicago convention

    The 1920 American Theosophical convention seals the confrontation between Adyar loyalists and the Baileys' group, who lose their posts and leave the Society.

    Documented

  10. 1921 · age 41

    Marriage to Foster Bailey

    Her divorce from Walter Evans granted, she marries Foster Bailey (1888–1977), who will be her partner in every later undertaking.

    Documented

  11. 1922 · age 42

    First book and own press

    Initiation, Human and Solar, Letters on Occult Meditation and The Consciousness of the Atom are published. The Baileys found the Lucifer Publishing Company, soon renamed Lucis.

    Documented

  12. April 1923 · age 42

    Founding of the Arcane School

    They organise the Arcane School, a correspondence training in meditation and service, with no vows of obedience to any person.

    Documented

  13. 1925 · age 45

    A Treatise on Cosmic Fire

    Her longest and most technical work appears, dedicated to H. P. Blavatsky.

    Documented

  14. 1936 · age 56

    A Treatise on the Seven Rays begins

    Esoteric Psychology I is published, the first of the treatise's five volumes; the last will appear in 1960.

    Documented

  15. 1945 · age 65

    The Great Invocation

    She circulates the version of the Great Invocation now used in many languages ('From the point of Light within the Mind of God…'); a first stanza had appeared in 1937.

    Documented

  16. December 15, 1949 · age 69

    Death in New York

    She dies after years of heart and blood disease. Foster Bailey announces the news by letter to students around the world.

    Documented

  17. 1951

    The Unfinished Autobiography published

    Foster Bailey edits the autobiography left off in 1948, with a foreword and appendices on the Arcane School.

    Documented

  18. 1960

    Last volume of the dictation

    Lucis publishes The Rays and the Initiations, closing A Treatise on the Seven Rays and the cycle of twenty-four books.

    Documented

Works

Essential works

The works without which their legacy cannot be understood.

Initiation, Human and Solar — Alice A. Bailey

Traditional attribution · 1922

Initiation, Human and Solar

An account of the Hierarchy of masters that, in Theosophy, guides human evolution, and of the five initiations through which the disciple is said to pass. It describes the organisation of that Hierarchy, the role of the Lords of the Flame and the meaning of solar initiation. It is the classic entry point to Bailey's corpus.

4 editions · amazon.com

A Treatise on Cosmic Fire — Alice A. Bailey

Traditional attribution · 1925

A Treatise on Cosmic Fire

The longest and most technical work in the corpus: a cosmology of over a thousand pages on the three fires (by friction, solar and electric), the planes, the devas and the evolution of solar systems, conceived as a psychological development of The Secret Doctrine. It is the reference text for advanced students of Bailey.

2 editions · amazon.com

A Treatise on White Magic — Alice A. Bailey

Traditional attribution · 1934

A Treatise on White Magic

A Treatise on White Magic, or The Way of the Disciple

A commentary on fifteen 'rules for magic' concerning the creation of thought-forms by the soul: 'white magic' here means the soul's creative work through the personality, in service of the group. It contains the formula that energy follows thought and extensive practical advice for the disciple.

2 editions · amazon.com

Esoteric Psychology I — Alice A. Bailey

Traditional attribution · 1936

Esoteric Psychology I

A Treatise on the Seven Rays, Vol. I: Esoteric Psychology I

First volume of A Treatise on the Seven Rays: it presents the seven fundamental energies (will, love-wisdom, active intelligence, harmony through conflict, concrete knowledge, devotion and ceremonial order) and their action on the kingdoms of nature. It is the foundation of 'ray psychology'.

2 editions · amazon.com

The Unfinished Autobiography — Alice A. Bailey

Posthumous work · 1951

The Unfinished Autobiography

A first-person account of childhood in the English upper middle class, evangelism in India, the unhappy marriage to Walter Evans, poverty in California, the discovery of Theosophy, the break with Adyar and the beginning of the work with the Tibetan. It is the indispensable primary source on her life.

2 editions · amazon.com

Quotations

Quotations located in a specific work. Each carries its provenance and its level of confidence.

From the point of Light within the Mind of God / Let light stream forth into the minds of men.

VerifiedLa Gran Invocación (versión de 1945), en The Reappearance of the Christ, páginas preliminares

1 / 8

Essential ideas (editorial summary)

Out of respect for copyright, these ideas are summarised in our own words and are not presented as literal quotations.

  • Bailey distinguishes automatic writing, which she considers dangerous because it requires passivity, from the conscious telepathy she claimed to practise: positive attention, full control of the senses and faithful transcription, correcting only the English.
  • The Tibetan's books are presented without any claim to authority: readers should accept them only if their intuition and practice confirm them, not out of devotion to a master.
  • Service to humanity, rather than personal devotion, is for Bailey the soul's own instinct and the way of approach to the spiritual Hierarchy.
  • All religions spring from one spiritual source; humanity will come to recognise this in a universal religion that does not abolish the traditions but gathers them.
  • Illness has its ultimate root in a blocked soul life; healing consists in restoring the right relation between soul and personality.

Last words

Later account by witnesses

«I have much to be thankful for. I have had a rich and full life.»

I have much to be thankful for. I have had a rich and full life.

Words spoken, according to Foster Bailey, 'that last afternoon' in the New York hospital; he reproduces them in the letter sent to students the morning after her death, included in the foreword to the Unfinished Autobiography. The sentence goes on to thank the many people around the world who had been kind to her. They are not necessarily her last words in a literal sense, but the last her husband recorded. The same letter says her Master K. H. came for her, a statement of faith rather than verifiable testimony.

Source: Bailey, Alice A. The Unfinished Autobiography. Nueva York: Lucis Publishing Company, 1951 (© 1951, renovado 1979, Lucis Trust).

Ask

What their work answers

Twelve great human questions and what their texts allow us to answer, with references. We never put words in their mouth.

  • What is the Absolute? Does God exist?

    An Absolute of which nothing can be said, and conscious Logoi animating the worlds

    Both personal and impersonalStated explicitly

    Alice Bailey, who attributes most of her books to a Tibetan master, Djwhal Khul, proposes a hierarchical theology. At the summit she places the One About Whom Naught May Be Said, an unknowable absolute. Below are the entities she calls Logoi: the Solar Logos, whose body of manifestation is the solar system, and the Planetary Logos, the life animating the Earth, whom she identifies with Sanat Kumara. These Logoi are conscious, purposeful and manifest as will, love-wisdom and active intelligence, so that to speak of God is to speak of real beings in evolution, in whose life, in the Pauline formula she takes up (Acts 17:28), «we live and move and have our being». In A Treatise on Cosmic Fire she develops this cosmology in detail. The divine thus has an ineffable ground and conscious faces at different scales, though none is the creator God of the Abrahamic religions.

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  • Who am I? Is there a true self?

    Monad, soul and personality: a soul learning to govern its vehicle

    An evolving soulStated explicitly

    Alice Bailey describes the human being on three levels: the Monad, a spiritual spark of the Logos; the soul or Ego, dwelling on the higher mental plane; and the personality, made up of the physical, emotional and mental bodies, which is the soul's vehicle in each incarnation. The everyday self is the personality, which over many lives believes itself independent and pursues its own ends. Evolution consists in the soul taking control of that vehicle, until the personality is integrated and becomes the soul's instrument, and later the soul itself merges with the Monad. In A Treatise on White Magic (1934) she presents this process as the disciple's great work, and in The Light of the Soul (1927), her commentary on the Yoga Sutras, she links it to meditation.

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  • Why do we suffer?

    Illness and pain have karmic roots, individual and collective

    Karma and the soul's learningStated explicitly

    Alice Bailey addresses suffering mainly in Esoteric Healing (1953), where she sets out the causes of disease. She distinguishes individual causes, arising from the person's emotional and mental life and karma; group causes, inherited from humanity as a whole; and planetary causes, linked to the evolution of the Earth's Logos. Pain results from friction between the soul, which seeks expression, and a personality that resists or is still unintegrated. In her framework suffering is not punishment but the consequence of causes and a means of learning: it forces the personality to reorient towards the soul and prepares the disciple for service. Bailey insists that karma is also collective, and that much of an individual's pain comes from debts of the humanity they share.

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  • What happens after death?

    Dying is withdrawing consciousness from the body; the soul incarnates again

    Rebirth according to karmaStated explicitly

    Alice Bailey treats death as a technical process of the soul's withdrawal. In Esoteric Healing, in the section on the art of dying, she describes how the soul withdraws the thread of consciousness and the thread of life, from the head and the heart, and leaves the physical body; it then sheds the etheric, astral and mental bodies in what she calls the elimination of the vehicles. The freed soul remains on its own plane assimilating experience and then incarnates again according to the law of rebirth and karma, until it completes its evolutionary and initiatory cycle. Bailey criticises the fear of death, which she attributes to identification with form and to materialism, and proposes that it should become a conscious and orderly transition. She also announces that future humanity will understand death as a mere change of state.

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  • How is liberation or salvation attained?

    Discipleship, meditation and group service lead to the initiations under the Hierarchy

    Through disciplined practiceStated explicitly

    Alice Bailey, who attributes most of her work to a Tibetan master named Djwhal Khul, describes liberation as the result of a long evolution through successive initiations. In Initiation, Human and Solar she presents those initiations as expansions of consciousness the disciple attains after purifying the personality and placing it at the service of the soul. The method is occult meditation, control of the mind and, characteristically, service to humanity carried out in groups rather than individual perfection. A Treatise on White Magic develops the rules of that inner work. The last stage is not escape from the world but incorporation into the spiritual Hierarchy which, according to her system, guides planetary evolution.

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  • Is a teacher necessary?

    The Masters of the Hierarchy guide the disciple, but are found through the soul

    IndispensableStated explicitly

    In Alice Bailey's system, spiritual evolution is guided by a Hierarchy of Masters, and discipleship consists in entering into conscious relationship with it. Initiation, Human and Solar describes initiations as events in which those Masters intervene, and Discipleship in the New Age gathers instructions she attributes to one of them, the Tibetan, addressed to groups of disciples. At the same time, Bailey insists that contact with the Master is not sought for the personality nor brought about by fascination with a figure: it is reached through the soul, once the disciple has become useful for service. The outer teacher is structural, but the way to him passes through the interior.

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  • Is the world real?

    Cosmic and systemic planes: the physical world is the densest of seven

    Planes of existenceStated explicitly

    Alice Bailey inherited and expanded Theosophical cosmology. In A Treatise on Cosmic Fire she describes a universe organised into seven planes, each divided into seven subplanes, which in turn form part of the cosmic physical plane of a still greater reality. All of it is the body of manifestation of a great Entity, the Solar Logos, just as the human body is the vehicle of the soul. The physical world is real, but it is the densest of these levels and a limited expression of higher energies. Bailey understands evolution as the process by which consciousness ascends through these planes, and matter is the necessary medium of that expression.

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  • What is love?

    Love-wisdom is God's nature and the principle of the new age

    Love of God and neighbourStated explicitly

    Alice Bailey places love at the centre of her cosmology. In Esoteric Psychology she describes seven rays or qualities of divine energy, and the second, that of love-wisdom, is for her the dominant quality of our solar system: God is love in a literal, energetic sense. Christ is the embodiment of that principle, and his reappearance, which she announces in The Reappearance of the Christ, would consist in the manifestation of that love in humanity. Bailey insists that this is not personal affection or sentimentality, but an impersonal, inclusive and lucid love, expressed as goodwill towards the whole and as group service. The disciple moves from love of self and of one's own to love of the group, of humanity and of the divine plan.

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  • Are we free, or is everything determined?

    The soul chooses to incarnate and the personality learns to answer it

    Karma and choiceInferred from their doctrine

    Bailey inherits from theosophy the law of karma as the law of cause and effect, but articulates it around the relation between soul and personality. In *Esoteric Psychology* and *A Treatise on White Magic* the soul chooses its conditions of incarnation according to its purpose and karma, while the personality at first lives ruled by its desires and environment, without true freedom. As contact with the soul is established through meditation and service, the person moves from being driven by forces to directing them consciously. Freedom, then, is not a starting point but an evolutionary achievement: it grows as personal will aligns with the soul's will and, beyond it, with the Plan.

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  • Why meditate or pray?

    Meditating to align personality with soul and place oneself in service

    Returning to the source of the IStated explicitly

    Bailey devoted her early books to meditation, *Letters on Occult Meditation* (1922) and *From Intellect to Intuition* (1932). There she presents it as a gradual process: concentration, meditation and contemplation, whose aim is to establish conscious contact between the personality (body, emotions and mind) and the soul, and then to receive by intuition impressions from higher planes. But unlike other paths, contact with the soul is not the end: it must be translated into service to humanity. Hence her insistence on group meditation and on the *Great Invocation*, a prayer she spread from 1945 to be recited by people of any creed.

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  • Can reason know the ultimate?

    From intellect to intuition: the trained mind opens the way to higher knowledge

    Esoteric knowledgeStated explicitly

    Bailey does not set reason against spiritual knowledge: she orders them. In *From Intellect to Intuition* (1932) she holds that the concrete mind must be educated and disciplined, because only a trained intellect can, through meditation, open to intuition, which she defines as direct apprehension of truth coming from the soul. That intuition gives access to a wisdom which, according to her, is guarded by a hierarchy of masters and revealed gradually to humanity according to its capacity. Her own books are presented as telepathic transmission from one of those masters, the Tibetan. Reason is a necessary stage of the path, not its end, and esoteric knowledge is tested in the disciple's own experience.

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  • Withdraw from the world or transform it?

    The modern disciple serves in the world: goodwill as a spiritual task

    Engage with the worldStated explicitly

    Alice Bailey holds that the disciple of the new age does not withdraw to an ashram or a monastery but serves in the midst of modern life, in politics, education, science or finance. In the 1930s she launched the idea of the New Group of World Servers, an invisible network of people of goodwill working, each in their own field, for human unity, and created activities such as Triangles and World Goodwill within the Lucis Trust. In The Problems of Humanity (1947) she analyses issues of her time — post-war reconstruction, relations between races and nations, capital and labour, the churches, education — and proposes tackling them through goodwill. For her, meditation is itself a form of service, since it channels spiritual energy into the world, but it must be translated into concrete action.

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Affinities & tensions

Affinities and tensions

Calculated question by question from their positions. The reason for each agreement or clash, on click.

They agree on

Alice A. Bailey · Helena Blavatsky

Seven planes and a nameless Principle: Theosophical cosmology and its second generation

Both describe a universe of seven planes of matter and consciousness, from the physical, the densest, to the subtlest, emanating from an ultimate reality of which nothing can be said. Blavatsky sets this out in the three fundamental propositions of the Proem to The Secret Doctrine: an eternal Principle about which all speculation is impossible, the periodicity of the universe and the pilgrimage of each soul through the cycles of incarnation. Bailey develops it in A Treatise on Cosmic Fire, with seven planes divided into seven subplanes forming the body of manifestation of the solar Logos. In both, the human being is a soul evolving through those planes, and evolution is guided by Masters. Bailey adds a theology of conscious Logoi, endowed with will, love-wisdom and intelligence, which Blavatsky does not stress.

Why: The affinity is one of direct inheritance: Bailey was formed in the Theosophical Society, where she worked in California until her break with its leadership around 1920, and she presented her work as a continuation of the line opened by The Secret Doctrine. She attributes most of her books to a Tibetan master, Djwhal Khul, a claim of hers that cannot be verified, just as the existence of Blavatsky's Mahatmas could not be verified. The differences are of emphasis and period: Blavatsky polemicises against the dogma and materialism of the nineteenth century; Bailey writes in the interwar years, with a strong emphasis on service, goodwill and the preparation of a new age.

Anecdotes and stories

Anecdotes and stories

Testimony1895

The man in the turban at Castramont

On Sunday 30 June 1895 Alice, fifteen years old and in a phase of adolescent despair, was left alone in the drawing-room of her aunt Margaret Maxwell at Castramont, Kirkcudbrightshire, while the rest of the household was at church. By her account a tall man came in, in well-cut European clothes and a turban, sat down beside her and spoke firmly: there was work planned for her in the world, but she would have to stop being such an unpleasant girl and learn self-control; if she did, she would travel through many countries 'doing your Master's work'. He left after pausing a moment at the door. She kept silent about it for fear of being thought unbalanced; at first she fancied herself a Joan of Arc and then, more humbly, simply set about controlling her temper, so successfully, she says, that her family grew worried at her sudden docility.

Origin of the story: Sole source: The Unfinished Autobiography, ch. I, written fifty years later. There are no other witnesses.

Source: Bailey, Alice A. The Unfinished Autobiography. Nueva York: Lucis Publishing Company, 1951 (© 1951, renovado 1979, Lucis Trust).

Testimony1918

The portrait in the Krotona shrine room

In 1918, newly admitted to the Esoteric Section of the Theosophical Society, Bailey entered for the first time the room where the portraits of the Christ and the masters were kept. There, she says, the man who had appeared to her in Scotland twenty-three years earlier was looking straight at her. She hurried to ask one of the senior people at Krotona who he was and, on hearing that it was the Master K. H., exclaimed innocently that he must then be her master, since she had been under his guidance for years. The reply was a cold 'Am I to understand that you believe yourself to be a disciple?' Bailey made a lesson of it: there, she says, she discovered the spiritual competitiveness of the Society and the need to learn to hold her tongue. The episode foreshadows her later clash with the Adyar leadership.

Origin of the story: The Unfinished Autobiography, ch. IV. Bailey's own account; the person who answered her is not named.

Source: Bailey, Alice A. The Unfinished Autobiography. Nueva York: Lucis Publishing Company, 1951 (© 1951, renovado 1979, Lucis Trust).

Testimony1919

'I'm not a darned psychic'

One November morning in 1919, after sending the girls off to school, Bailey went up a hill near her house for a few minutes alone. By her account she heard a clear musical note that seemed to pass through the sky, the hill and herself, and a voice asked whether she would write some books it was desirable to publish. Her answer, spoken aloud to her own astonishment, was blunt: she was not a psychic and did not want to be drawn into anything of the sort. The voice said wise people did not make snap judgements and that it would return in three weeks. Bailey forgot all about it until, exactly three weeks later, the voice came back one evening. She agreed to try for a month; in those weeks she received the first chapters of Initiation, Human and Solar. The dictation would last thirty years.

Origin of the story: The Unfinished Autobiography, ch. IV. Bailey says she did not even tell Foster Bailey about the first episode at the time.

Source: Bailey, Alice A. The Unfinished Autobiography. Nueva York: Lucis Publishing Company, 1951 (© 1951, renovado 1979, Lucis Trust).

Testimony1915

The engineer's granddaughter in the cannery

Until 1908, Bailey writes, she had never thought about money: she had spent whole weeks as a guest in great British houses and counted among her friends a grand duke related to the Tsar. In 1915, separated from a husband who scarcely sent any of his stipend, with three small daughters in Pacific Grove and her family's remittances sometimes sunk with wartime ships, she found she could do nothing anyone would pay for: she made lace nobody bought and could neither type nor teach. The only local industry was sardines, and she went to work in a cannery. She tells of living three weeks on milkless tea and dry bread so that the girls could eat, and of still being unable to look a sardine in the eye. For her it was a decisive spiritual crisis, the one that prepared her encounter with Theosophy.

Origin of the story: The Unfinished Autobiography, chs. I and III. Autobiographical account, consistent with the known chronology but without independent documentation.

Source: Bailey, Alice A. The Unfinished Autobiography. Nueva York: Lucis Publishing Company, 1951 (© 1951, renovado 1979, Lucis Trust).

Unverifiabledécada de 1930–1940

The parcels from India

Bailey knew psychologists argued over the origin of her books and that Carl Gustav Jung was said to regard the Tibetan as a personification of her higher self. Her reply, in the autobiography, is ironic: if she ever met Jung she would ask him how her higher self could send her parcels from India. She also tells how her associate Henry Carpenter travelled three times to India in an attempt to reach the masters at Shigatse, against her advice that he could find them in New York, and how in Darjeeling he met a Tibetan general, Laden Lha, who knew the lama to whom the dictation was attributed. The stories serve Bailey to assert the Tibetan's physical existence; historians have been unable to verify either the parcels or the lama's identity.

Origin of the story: The Unfinished Autobiography, ch. IV. Jung's opinion is hearsay ('I have been told'); it has not been located in his published work.

Source: Bailey, Alice A. The Unfinished Autobiography. Nueva York: Lucis Publishing Company, 1951 (© 1951, renovado 1979, Lucis Trust).

Teachings

Teachings

The notions that structure their thought, explained in context.

The Tibetan (Djwhal Khul) and telepathic impressionel-tibetano-djwhal-khul
Bailey attributed nineteen of her books to a master she long called simply 'the Tibetan' or 'D. K.' and eventually identified with Djwhal Khul, a figure already present in the mahatma letters of the Blavatskian tradition. In the 'Statement by the Tibetan' (1934) he presents himself as a disciple of a certain degree living in a physical body on the borders of Tibet, and warns that his books claim no acceptance: they must be judged by practice and intuition. Bailey insisted her method was neither automatic writing nor mediumship but a 'higher telepathy' or 'impression' in which she remained fully conscious, listened and took notes, correcting only the English. In Telepathy and the Etheric Vehicle she developed a theory of that mechanism. From the outside, scholarship (Hammer, Sutcliffe) treats the dictation as a strategy of legitimation: authority shifts from the author to an invisible master even as it is relativised.

It extends the Theosophical figure of the Masters of Wisdom and the practice of receiving teachings from them, which with Blavatsky took the form of letters.

Source: Bailey, Alice A. The Unfinished Autobiography. Nueva York: Lucis Publishing Company, 1951 (© 1951, renovado 1979, Lucis Trust).

The seven rayssiete-rayos
The doctrine of the rays is Bailey's most systematic contribution. Seven energies or qualities emanating from divinity — will or power; love-wisdom; active intelligence; harmony through conflict; concrete knowledge or science; devotion or idealism; ceremonial order or magic — are said to condition everything that exists. Each human being would have a soul ray and a personality ray, plus rays for mind, emotions and body; every nation, planet and zodiacal sign would likewise be qualified by rays. A Treatise on the Seven Rays (five volumes, 1936–1960) applies the scheme to psychology, astrology, healing and initiation. Bruce F. Campbell notes that the idea existed in germ in earlier Theosophy but that Bailey was the first to develop it at length. It is used today by schools of transpersonal psychology and esoteric astrology that trace themselves to her.

It reworks Theosophical notions and the image of the 'seven spirits before the throne' found in several traditions.

Source: Campbell, Bruce F. Ancient Wisdom Revived: A History of the Theosophical Movement. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980.

The Great Invocationgran-invocacion
A prayer or mantram circulated by Bailey in its present form in 1945, after a first stanza in 1937. Its four stanzas ask that divine light, love and will descend on humanity, that the Christ return to Earth and that the Plan of Love and Light work out and 'seal the door where evil dwells'. Bailey presented it as a prayer belonging to no group but to all humanity, and compared it to what the Lord's Prayer has been for Christianity. The Lucis Trust has translated it into dozens of languages and promotes an annual World Invocation Day. It has been adopted by communities such as Findhorn; it has also been criticised from Blavatskian Theosophy, which sees in it the expectation of an outside saviour, and from conservative religious positions.

It belongs to the public, service-oriented side of Bailey's work, alongside World Goodwill and Triangles.

Source: Bailey, Alice A. The Reappearance of the Christ. Nueva York: Lucis Publishing Company, 1948 (texto de la Gran Invocación en las páginas preliminares).

Trianglestriangulos
A meditation network created within the Lucis Trust: groups of three people who undertake to link up mentally for a few minutes each day, not necessarily at the same time or place, to visualise light and goodwill circulating among them and out to humanity, and to recite the Great Invocation. The idea comes from Bailey's teaching on the power of focused thought ('energy follows thought') and on group work as a spiritual unit greater than the individual. Triangles can link with one another into a planetary network. It is one of the simplest and most widespread practices of her legacy, open to people who do not study the books.

It is one of the Lucis Trust's services alongside the Arcane School and World Goodwill.

Source: Wikipedia (en), «Alice Bailey» (bibliografía, recepción y críticas, con referencias a Gershom, Newman, Shnirelman y Lubelsky).

The New Group of World Serversnuevo-grupo-de-servidores-del-mundo
A central concept of Bailey's public work from the 1930s on: a group without outer organisation made up of all people of goodwill, of any creed or none, working for international understanding, economic justice and religious unity. One does not join it; one belongs by orienting one's life to service. In Bailey's view this group mediates between the spiritual Hierarchy and humanity and prepares the ground for the reappearance of the Christ. It inspired the creation of World Goodwill and its explicit support for the United Nations.

It translates into social and political language the Theosophical idea of universal brotherhood.

Source: Wikipedia (en), «Alice Bailey» (bibliografía, recepción y críticas, con referencias a Gershom, Newman, Shnirelman y Lubelsky).

The reappearance of the Christreaparicion-de-cristo
Bailey announced the return of the Christ, understood not as the historical Jesus but as the world teacher Theosophy calls Maitreya and as head of the spiritual Hierarchy. His return would not be an apocalyptic event but the gradual manifestation of the Hierarchy in the world, prepared by humanity's goodwill and by the Great Invocation, and would give rise to a universal religion recognising the common origin of all. The doctrine, set out in The Reappearance of the Christ (1948) and The Externalisation of the Hierarchy (1957), shaped later movements such as Benjamin Creme's and was criticised both by Theosophists who see it as Leadbeater's legacy and by Christians who find it incompatible with their faith.

It inherits the Theosophical expectation of a world teacher that Besant and Leadbeater had projected onto Krishnamurti.

Source: Bailey, Alice A. The Reappearance of the Christ. Nueva York: Lucis Publishing Company, 1948 (texto de la Gran Invocación en las páginas preliminares).

Retreats

Retreats and centres

Places and gatherings linked to their teaching. We put you in touch with the organisers.

  • Por correspondencia y en línea (sede en Asheville, Carolina del Norte) · Estados Unidos

    School for Esoteric Studies

    School for Esoteric Studies

    The School for Esoteric Studies offers what it calls training in purposeful living based on the Ageless Wisdom, a distance school of meditation and study that works with the teachings transmitted through Alice Bailey alongside other sources of the esoteric tradition. The work is done by correspondence and online, in English, Spanish and Italian, with a quarterly newsletter and video materials. Together with the Arcane School, it is one of the two best-known organised routes for studying Bailey's books under guidance, and it is particularly accessible to Spanish-speaking students.

  • Por correspondencia (oficinas en Nueva York, Londres y Ginebra) · Internacional

    The Arcane School (Lucis Trust)

    Lucis Trust – Arcane School

    The Arcane School began in 1923, when Alice Bailey, helped by her husband Foster Bailey, started answering by correspondence the questions of readers of her books. It is part of the Lucis Trust, the organisation the couple created, and offers training in meditation and study based on the teachings set out in Bailey's work, with personal written work and guidance at a distance. The Lucis Trust also keeps up activities such as full-moon meditation meetings. Its official website sometimes rejects automated requests, but it is the organisation's known website.

See all retreats →

Videos

Videos

Recordings, interviews and documentaries. Videos play from YouTube; they are not hosted here.

  • Life of Alice Bailey Part 1 of 3

    Documentary· EN· 10 min

    Lucis TrustOfficial channel

  • The Life of Alice Bailey Part 2 of 3

    Documentary· EN· 10 min

    Lucis TrustOfficial channel

  • Life of Alice Bailey Part 3 of 3

    Documentary· EN· 10 min

    Lucis TrustOfficial channel

  • The Great Invocation - A World Prayer

    Original recording· EN· 2 min

    Lucis TrustOfficial channel

  • Great Invocation Video

    Original recording· EN· 5 min

    Lucis TrustOfficial channel

  • Triangles Meditation Group Webinar - Alice Bailey's first recitation of The Great Invocation in 1945

    Lecture· EN· 64 min

    Lucis TrustOfficial channel

  • The Great Invocation in Greek

    Original recording· EL· 3 min

    Lucis TrustOfficial channel

  • La Gran Invocación (voces)

    Original recording· ES· 4 min

    Fundación LucisOfficial channel

  • La Gran Invocación – 01. Introducción

    Lecture· ES· 9 min

    Fundación LucisOfficial channel

Gallery

Gallery

Images with verified licences. Each keeps its authorship and attribution.

Connections

Connections

Influences, discipleships and affinities. Documented relations are distinguished from similarities identified by analysis.

  • Influenced by

    Helena Blavatsky

    Bailey discovered Theosophy through The Secret Doctrine, dedicated A Treatise on Cosmic Fire to Blavatsky and presented herself as continuing her teaching.

    Documented relation

  • Disagreed with

    Annie Besant

    The Baileys clashed with the leadership of Besant and the Esoteric Section in 1920; according to Hammer and Campbell, Besant distrusted the Tibetan communications.

    Documented relation

  • Contemporary of

    Jiddu Krishnamurti

    Bailey cites Besant's pronouncements about Krishnamurti as one of the factors dividing the Theosophical Society when she left it.

    Documented relation

  • Influenced by

    Patañjali

    The Light of the Soul (1927) is an annotated paraphrase of the Yoga Sutras.

    Documented relation

  • Influenced by

    Jesus of Nazareth

    From Bethlehem to Calvary interprets Jesus' life as five initiations; her esoteric Christology distinguishes Jesus from the Christ.

    Documented relation

  • Ideas akin to

    Rudolf Steiner

    Both left the Adyar Theosophical Society and built their own systems with an esoteric Christology; no direct relationship between them is recorded.

    Similarity identified by analysis

Sources

Sources

Bibliography and catalogues consulted for this profile.

  1. Bailey, Alice A. The Unfinished Autobiography. Nueva York: Lucis Publishing Company, 1951 (© 1951, renovado 1979, Lucis Trust).
  2. Wikidata, «Alice Bailey» (Q260575): fechas y lugares de nacimiento y muerte.
  3. Lucis Trust. Catálogo de libros de Alice A. Bailey y biblioteca en línea.
  4. Open Library, autora OL2328289A (Alice A. Bailey): obras y ediciones con ISBN.
  5. Campbell, Bruce F. Ancient Wisdom Revived: A History of the Theosophical Movement. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980.
  6. Hammer, Olav. Claiming Knowledge: Strategies of Epistemology from Theosophy to the New Age. Leiden: Brill, 2001.
  7. Sutcliffe, Steven J. Children of the New Age: A History of Spiritual Practices. Londres: Routledge, 2003.
  8. Bailey, Alice A. The Reappearance of the Christ. Nueva York: Lucis Publishing Company, 1948 (texto de la Gran Invocación en las páginas preliminares).
  9. Bailey, Alice A. Glamour: A World Problem. Nueva York: Lucis Publishing Company, 1950 (incluye «Extract from a Statement by the Tibetan», agosto de 1934).
  10. Bailey, Alice A. A Treatise on White Magic, or The Way of the Disciple. Nueva York: Lucis Publishing Company, 1934.
  11. Wikipedia (en), «Alice Bailey» (bibliografía, recepción y críticas, con referencias a Gershom, Newman, Shnirelman y Lubelsky).
  12. Blackthorn, Isobel. Alice A. Bailey: Life and Legacy. Edición independiente, 2020.
  13. Newman, Hannah. «Invocation, The Great», en Richard S. Levy (ed.), Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution. Santa Bárbara: ABC-CLIO, 2005, pp. 351–352.
  14. Gershom, Yonassan. «Antisemitic Stereotypes in Alice Bailey's Writings», 1997 (revisado en 2005); copia de archivo de 2007.
  15. Shnirelman, Victor A. Russian Neo-pagan Myths and Antisemitism. Acta, n.º 13: Analysis of Current Trends in Antisemitism. Jerusalén: Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism, Universidad Hebrea, 1998.
Rights holder
Lucis Trust (Nueva York, Londres, Ginebra). Bailey murió en 1949: sus obras son de dominio público en los países con plazo de 70 años post mortem, pero los libros publicados en Estados Unidos después de 1930 y las recopilaciones póstumas siguen protegidos allí.
Official site
www.lucistrust.org

Pending confirmation

What this profile has not yet been able to settle. We would rather say so than fill it in.

  • Ediciones españolas con ISBN de Cartas sobre meditación ocultista, Tratado sobre fuego cósmico, La luz del alma, El alma y su mecanismo, Del intelecto a la intuición, De Belén al Calvario, Psicología esotérica II, Curación esotérica, La exteriorización de la Jerarquía, El discipulado II y la Autobiografía inconclusa (Fundación Lucis las publica, pero no se han visto en catálogo).
  • Años de las ediciones españolas de Fundación Lucis, Sirio y Cárcamo (el catálogo de Open Library no los consigna).
  • Folletos no registrados como obra: The Next Three Years (1934), The Present World Crisis, Today (1940), The Coming World Order, The Immediate Plans, The Interlude between War and Peace y otros mensajes de guerra, absorbidos después en La exteriorización de la Jerarquía (fuente: Open Library OL2328289A).
  • Fecha original de The Labours of Hercules (1974 en libro; Wikipedia cita 1957).
  • Fecha exacta y lugar del matrimonio con Walter Evans (hacia 1907) y año exacto de la muerte del padre.
  • Comprobar el estatus de dominio público de la fotografía de Clara E. Sipprell (fallecida en 1975) declarada PD en Commons.
  • No se ha encontrado grabación sonora ni filmada verificada de Alice Bailey; confirmar si el webinario de Lucis Trust sobre 1945 contiene audio de archivo.
  • Programa de afiliación: no localizado para Lucis Trust ni Editorial Sirio.
  • Sala de lectura (2026-10-25): también son de dominio público en EE. UU. y en la UE (no en España hasta 2030) A Treatise on Cosmic Fire (1925), The Light of the Soul (1927) y The Soul and Its Mechanism (1930, libre en EE. UU. desde el 1 de enero de 2026), pero no se ha localizado texto completo limpio: el ejemplar de 1925 en archive.org (treatiseoncosmic0001alic) no tiene OCR y la biblioteca en línea de Lucis Trust está tras un control de Cloudflare que impide la descarga automática. Las obras publicadas desde 1931 pueden conservar derechos en EE. UU. si se renovaron (consta la renovación de la autobiografía, 1979); comprobar renovación por título.
  • Sala de lectura: los tres textos registrados llevan «caution»: entran en la sala el 1 de enero de 2030, cuando expiren los derechos en España.
  • Comprobar en la Autobiografía inconclusa la participación del padre en «las obras del puente Victoria» de Montreal hacia 1880: el puente se construyó en 1854–1859 y se reconstruyó en 1897–1898 (señalado al traducir, 2026-10-25).

Researched on 2026-10-25