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Political Treatise

Baruch Spinoza

A treatise of political theory which, unlike the Theological-Political Treatise, leaves biblical exegesis aside and studies how monarchy, aristocracy and democracy must be organised so that peace and freedom do not depend on the virtue of rulers. It starts from the idea that human actions are to be understood, not laughed at, lamented or detested, and that each one's right extends as far as his power. It remained unfinished just as it was to deal with democracy, the form of government he considered most absolute.