37

37. Vishmi LXXI, 13. - 38. Vishmi LXXI, 16.

40. I read sabhasamavayam&iva^ayeta. The corrupt read- ings of Bh. samavaya\sv£a ^aviyan and of F. samavayaw^a vakshi- yanna point to this version, the sense of which agrees with the parallel passages of other Smrz'tis, see e. g. Apastamba 1, 1 1, 32, 19.

41. Vishmi LXXI, 83. 42. Gautama IX, 54-55, 66. 43. Vishnu LXIII, 9. According to Kr/shwapa^ita the time

44. Let him not ascend an unsafe boat, or (any unsafe conveyance).

46. When he has risen in the last watch (of the night) and has recited (the Veda) he shall not lie down again.

47. In the Muhurta sacred to Pra^apati a Brahma/za shall fulfil some sacred duties.

1. Now, therefore, the Upakarman (or the rite preparatory to the study) of the Veda (must be per- formed) on the full moon day of the month 6rava^a or Praush^apada.

2. Having kindled the sacred fire, he offers (therein) unground (rice) grains,

3. To the gods, to the /izshis, and to the A^andas.

4. Let them begin to study the Vedas, after having made Brahma/zas (invited for the purpose) wish 'welfare' (svasti), and after having fed them with sour milk,

5. (And continue the Veda -study) during four

45. Vishmi LXIII, 46. Krzsh/zapa?zfiTita omits this Sutra which is found in the majority of the MSS.

46. Apastamba 1, 11, 32, 15; Vishmi XXX, 27.

47. Manu IV, 92; Vishmi LX, 1. The Muhurta sacred to Pra^apati is the same as the Brahma-muhurta, and falls in the last watch of the night.

XIII. 1. Vishmi XXX, 1. Sravarca, July-August. PraushMa- pada, i. e. Bhadrapada, August-September. Kn'stmapam/ita im- properly combines this Sutra with the next.

months and a half or during five months and a half.

6. After (the expiration of) that (period), he may study (the Vedas) during the bright half of each month,

7. But the supplementary treatises (Ahgas) of the Veda at pleasure (both during the bright and the dark halves of each month).

8. Interruptions of the (Veda-study shall take place),

10. During (both) the twilights (of each day),

11. In towns where a corpse (lies) or A^dalas (stay).

12. At pleasure (he may study seated) in (a place) which has been smeared with cowdung and around which a line has been drawn.

13. (Let him not study) near a burial-ground,

15. Nor when he has eaten or received a gift at a funeral sacrifice;

16. And with reference to this (subject) they quote a verse of Manu, ' Be it fruit, or water, or

9. Apastamba I, 3, 9, 20. 10. Gautama XVI, 12.

11. Gautama XVI, 19; Vishmi XXX, 10. The above transla- tion follows Krzsh7*apa^ita's gloss. But the Sutra may also be taken differently: ' In (villages) where a corpse lies or a iTa^ala stays (and) in towns.' For the prohibition to study in towns is mentioned by Gautama XVI, 45; Manu IV, 116; and Apastamba

12. Apastamba 1,3, 9, 5. The rule refers to places, such as high-roads, where studying is ordinarily forbidden.

13. Vishmi XXX, 15; Apastamba I, 3, 9, 6.

14. Gautama XVI, 17. 15. Gautama XVI, 34. 16. Manu IV, 117 somewhat resembles the verse quoted. But

sesamum, or food, or whatever be the (gift) at a 6raddha, let him not, having just accepted it, recite the Veda; for it is declared in the Smrzti, that the hand of a Brahma^a is his mouth.'

1 7. (Let him not recite the Veda) while he runs, (nor) while a foul smell and the like (are perceptible, nor) on barren ground,

20. Nor after meals while his hands are moist,

21. (Nor) while the sound of aVka (is heard),

22. (Nor) on the fourteenth day (of each half- month, nor) on the new moon day, (nor) on the eighth day (of each half-month, nor) on an Ash/aka,

23. (Nor) while he stretches his feet out, (nor) while he makes a lap, (nor) while he leans against (something), nor (in any other unbecoming posture),

25. (Nor) during that night in which he has had conjugal intercourse,

26. (Nor) dressed in that garment which he had on during conjugal intercourse, except if it has been washed,

its altered form shows clearly that the Manava Dharnmastra known to Vasish/Aa differed from the work which at present goes by that name. Compare also -Sahkhayana Grztiya-sutra IV, 7, 55.

17. Yag-navalkya I, 150; Gautama XVI, 19; Manu IV, 120.

22. Vishmi XXX, 4; Gautama XVI, 37-38. The Ash/akas are the eighth days of the dark halves of the winter months, Marga- jirsha, Pausha, Magna, and Phalguwa.

23. Vishmi XXX, 17; Manu IV, 112. 26. Manu IV, 116.

30. (Let him not recite) the Rig-veda, the Ya^ur- veda, and (the Atharva-veda) while the sound of the Saman melodies (is audible), nor (the Saman while the other Vedas are being recited).

31. (Let him not study) before (his food is) digested,

34. Nor when the sun and the moon are eclipsed.

35. When a preternaturally loud sound is heard in the sky, when a mountain falls, (and) when showers of stones, blood or sand (fall from the sky, the Veda must not be read) during the twenty-four hours (im- mediately succeeding the event).

36. If meteors and lightning appear together, (the interruption shall last) three (days and) nights.

37. A meteor (alone and) a flash of lightning (alone cause an interruption lasting) as long as the sun shines (on that or the next day).