The Ādi Granth, or the Holy Scriptures of the Sikhs (1877) · 43

rama ko ba|lu pura|na bliali || tate britha | na bia|pai ka|l || 6-f4-f3 + 2 1|C + 4 + 4 + 2=15-fl6=31K.

Sanskrit fg^ntf (. Colebrooke, Miscellaneous Essays, ed. Cowell, vol. ii. p. 85, note I, states, that the Dnipadika has iii each verse twenty-eight matras; but such a metre is not to be found in the Granth.

cxxx ON THE LANGUAGE AND THE METRES USED IN THE GRANTH.

^ ^ t%3% THT TTf^?TT^ II ^ ^ 7^37 Wlfv TJT^ II «1

JO Jo cita|vai cla|gu hari ma|i || so so kai'lta a|pi kara|I || 6 + 4 + 5 + 2 11 6 + 4 + 4 + 2= 17 + 16 = 33 K.

t^?Z^ ^ 1{3 VTS 3T^T5^ II 7JT7J7 ut? 3TS f7r33# 31THt II ^l

nindaka ki | prabha pati | gava|i || nanaka hari ] guna nir|bhau ga|I || 6 + 4+3 + 2 II 6 + 4 + 4 + 2=15 + 16 = 31 K.

The Tipada is essentially the same as the Dupada. It consists, as a rule, of a stanza of three distichs, to which generally a Eahau is added; the rhyme generally varies in every distich. There is a considerable variety in the scansion, some distichs being scanned by 6 + 5 + 4 + 2 and 6 + 5 + 4 + 2 = 17 + 17 or 34 Ivalas, others by 6 + 5 + 4 + 1 and 6 + 5 + 4 + 1 = 16 + 16 or 32 Kalfis, the last syllable in this case being short. We subjoin a Tipada of Kabir, taken from Eag Gaurl, KabTr 19 (Transl. p. 464):

^^7J f*r@ vrrc^ 7^ 3fe II *f^ ^ Tm 75^t ^ »ife ii <i

kancana syu pa|!ai na|hl tolli || manu de ra|mu lia | hai mo|li ||

WTET ^fu Tm Wi^Til srf^ TlTfeJHT II ^nfrT 'RSTfe ^ITT ^J5 »lTfe»KT II HTT© 11

aba mohi rri|mu apuua | kari Jrm|y;i || sahuji eubha|i mera | manu man|ya ||

•^^ S7f^ srfW «f3 7J UTf^JHT II TR 33lf5 tft uff^ JWlf^WT II ^

brahamai kathi | kathi antu | na paila || rama bhagati | baithe gha|ri ai|a ||

SfTI sra^ €b^ ^f3 t^JHTsft II ^^75 TT^r "S^fS f?^ ^T^ft II?

kahu kabJra | cancala ma|ti tia|gi || kevala ra|ma bhagati | nija bha|gi ||

The Caupada is in very frequent use in Hindu! poetry, the greatest part of the Granth being composed in this metre. In the Eamayan of Tulsi-das the Caupada is usually a stanza of four tetrastiohs, each of ■which consists of two distichs, the two verses of each distich again always rhyming at the end. Each verse contains sixteen matras, the distich therefore thirty-two. There is a caesura in each verse after the sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth or tenth mora; the last syllable of a verse is generally long, but it may be also short.' We subjoin here a tetrastich from Tulsi-das (Hindul edition of Tulsi-das Eamayan, Medical Hall Press, Benares, 1869), p. 329, last Caupal:

' Colcbrooke states, I. c. p. 85, tliat each verse (i.e. distich) contains thirty moments (seven times 4 + 2) and terminated by a long syllable. This is wrong, as shown by the example quoted from Tulsi-das, the Ramayan of whom he seems not to have examined himself.

ox THE LAlfGITAGE A^^D THE METEES USED IN THE GEANTH. cxxxi

aye bharata | siinga saba loga || ki'isatanu siT raghu | biia biyoga ||

41M4^<4 ^f%^ ^f% TRT^ 11 ^^ IT^J?Tff ^ift ^^ ^TRT^ II

bamadeva basishtba | muni nayaka || dekhe prabhu mahi dhari | dhanu sayaka ||

In the Grantb also tbe Caupada consists, as a rule, of four tetrastiehs, each, containing two distichs of thirty-two matras severally, one or two Eahaus, consisting of one distich, being usually added to the stanza. We subjoin an example taken from Eag Gauri, ilah. III., 1 (Transl. p. 222):

3TfH tHfeJH Uf^ 5^?5T TE^ II nfW Hfe f*r^5T% W2^ II

guri miliai | hari mela hiJI |1 ape mcli | milavai sui || 16+ 16.

5iHT •^ fTE fsift nnv ttt§ ii u^»^ 5^S ^mft: vst% ii <i

mera prabhu sabha bidhi | ape janai |1 hukame mele | sabdi pachanai || 16 + 16.

Tf^ JV3 t 3f¥ f! "sf ^nfff II t Tr% ^^ ^ 'T^Tfe 11 ^rrf ii

sati gura kai bhai 1 bhramu bhau jai || bhai rajai saca | rangi samai |1 16 + 16.

7[f3 tHfeW Ijf^ *rf?J ^fl irarfff II ATT Vf HTTT ^^fs 7^ \nf^ II