Epictetus
Christian paraphrases of the Handbook
Traditional attribution
Christian paraphrases of the Handbook
In these versions Socrates gives way to St Paul or the Desert Fathers and references to the gods are corrected, but the structure and most of the maxims are kept. They helped the Handbook survive in more manuscripts than the Discourses.
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Authorship note
Byzantine adaptations of the Handbook for monastic use, one attributed to St Nilus of Ancyra (5th century) and another anonymous (the so-called Paraphrasis Christiana). They replace pagan names with Christian ones and are recorded as evidence of reception, not as works of Epictetus.
Editions and translations
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No editions recorded yet.
Other works by Epictetus
- Discourses (as reported by Arrian) · 108
- Discourses, Book I · 108
- Discourses, Book II · 108
- Discourses, Book III · 108
- Discourses, Book IV · 108
- Handbook (Enchiridion) · 130
- Fragments
- Discourses, Books V–VIII (lost) · 108
- Conversations (lost)
- Life and Death of Epictetus (by Arrian, lost)
- Debate of the Emperor Hadrian and the Philosopher Epictetus
- Simplicius' Commentary on the Handbook · 530
Sources
- Long, A. A. Epictetus: A Stoic and Socratic Guide to Life. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2002.
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