The Ādi Granth, or the Holy Scriptures of the Sikhs (1877) · 38

' In many copies Jfab. X. is not added to tliis Dohra, though good copies testify to it. ^ About Belli (^^^) and Bhikan (^W^) no particulars are known.

' Dlianna (UST) 's said to have been a cultivator (Jat). See Transl. p. 668, note 2. He became a disciple of Ramanand. See Price, Hindi Selections, p. 124. * About ShCkh Farld see Transl. p. 685, note 4.

* Jaidev (^^^) = Sansk. ^^?^, tlie well-known author of tlie Gita-govinda. ' See about Kablr, Tiausl. p. 126, note 1; p. 93, note 1.

' Xamdev (TTn??^. frequently only ^JTTj "as a calico-printer (^TSTT), a famous Bhagat, who is con- sidered the first Marathi writer; his verses are therefore particularly interesting in a linguistic point of view. See about bim Transl. p. 93, note 1.

* Plpa, Raja of the fort of Gangaraun (^tlTT'l 1^ ^ X^TWT). as he is styled by the Bhakta-mala (see Price, Hindi Selections, p. 87), was first a votary of the Deri, but became afterwards a disciple of Ramanand.

° Ramanand (about -i.D. 1400), a disciple of Ramanuj. Twelve disciples of Ramanand are mentioned, among them Kablr, Ravidas, Pipa, Dhanna, etc. Ramanand received men of all castes as his disciples, and declared tliat the knowledge of Brahm made a man free from all social bonds.

'" See about Ravidas, Transl. p. 130, note 3.

" Sadhna was a butcher (^TJITCT)- Nothing particular is known about bim, if we abstract from the two wonderful stories related about liim in the Bliakta-mala.

" Sainu is said to have been a barber (<mQ). He is also enumerated among the twelve disciples of Ramanand, whom he himself quotes (Rag Dlianasarl, Sainu).

" Surdas, a Brahman, was first an Amin (commissioner) of the Emperor, but squandered the money of the district treasury on saints. He fled then to the forest of Vrindavan and became himself a Bhagat.

" About Trilocan see Transl. p. 126, note 4; p. cxxiii.

(C). Bhatts.—{1). Bhalhau. (2). Bhika. (3). Das (Dasu). (4). Ganga. (5). Haribans. (6). Jalan. (7). Jalap. (8). Kal (Kalu, Kalhu). (9). Kalasu. (10). Kalasahar. (II). Kiratu. (12). Mathura. (13). Xal. (14). Rad. (15). Sal (Salh).

The Bhatt Kalasu eulogized Baba Nanak; Kalasahar and Kalu: Guru Angad; Kalu, Jalap, Kiratu, Bhika, Sal and Bhalhau: Guru Amar-das; Kalu, Kalasahar, Nal, Bad, Dasu, Jalan, Ganga, Mathura, Kiratu and Sal: Guru Ramdas; Kalu, Kalasahar, Mathura and Haribans: Guru Arjun. Thence it would appear, that the Bhatt Kalasu lived towards the close of the life of Nanak or under Guru Angad; Jalap, Bhika and Bhalhau under Guru Amar-das; Kiratu, Nal, Rad, Dasu, Jalan, Ganga and Sal under Guru Ram-das; and Kalu, Kalasahar, Mathura and Haribans under Guru Arjun. The panegyric of Angad was composed under Guru Arjun, very likely to fill up the gap.

The Granth itself consists of the following portions: I. 27ie Jap {or Japjl), an introductory chapter, by Nanak.

II. The So dam, consisting of extracts from Rag Asa and Rag Gujri, used by the Sikhs as evening prayer ( d Rl d IT) together with:

III. So purkhti, consisting of extracts from Rag Asa.

IV. Sohild, consisting of extracts from the Rags Gauri, Asa, and Dhanasari, used as a prayer

before retiring to rest. These pieces were intended for devotional purposes and therefore put at the beginning of the Granth. Then follow:

V. The Saffs, which form the body of the Granth.

(1). Siri Rag (fjT^ ^T^T)- (17). Rag Gaud (THT jfe)-

(2). Rag llajh (^pj *rPf )• (18). Rag Ramkali (^JT^I FTTT^)-

(3). Rag Gauri (HT3T JT^^t)- (19). Rag Xatnaraiu (HT3T AiAldlfyA).

(4). Rag Asa t^3T JHTTT). (20). Rag Maligaura (HT3T >TT?5Yj|GrfT).

(5). Rag Gujri (BT3T ^Wf)- (21). Rag Maru (BT3I HT^)-

(6). Bag Devgandhari (HTaj $^in3^). (22). Rag Tukharl (TOT ^¥THY).

(7). Rag Bihagra (^3J fyOMMD- (23). Rag Kedara (^JJ?^THT)-

(8). Rag Yadhansu (^3T c^rfj*!)- (24). Rag Bhairau (HT3I WS^)-

(9). Rag Sorathi (TTJI ^Ff^)- (25). Rag Basantu (HT3T T(K5)-

(10). Rag Dhanasari (HTJJ ^TTRra^)- (26). Rag Sarang (HT3J MT3^)-

(II). Rag Jaitsiri (HT3T %3f?THY)- (27). Rag Malar (TRI »T75T^)-